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by the spring, and released by pressing on a small projection. The guards 
at each end of the handle, instead of being fixed to the scales, and project- 
ing at right angles thereto, as is usually the case (and which makes the 
knife bulky and inconvenient to be carried), are fastened by pins to the 
blades close to the ends of the scales, and as the blades are closed, the 
guards close also, spontaneously turning upon the pins, and lie along the 
blades parallel to the scales, and quite out of the way, but spring into their 
former cruciform position as soon as the blades are opened. 
Metallic Pens. — Mr. B. Knox inventor . — According to this invention, 
it is proposed to form the pens either of steel, gold, silver, or other metal 
or alloys suitable for the purpose ; and instead of pointing or nibbing one 
end of the pen only, the inventor forms a nib at each end. Thus each end 
of the pen may be made with fine points, or one end fine and the other 
coarse ; or, when desired, one point may be extra coarse for engrossing. 
Machinery for Preparing Dough. — Mr. E. Stevens , patentee . — 
According to this invention, a mixing-vessel is employed, made by pre- 
ference of sheet-metal, galvanized or enamelled, or cast-iron may be used. 
The vessel is mounted on wheels, and thereby made portable. One of 
these wheels is a pivot- wheel, and has a handle connected to it, by means 
of which the vessel can be drawn from place to place and readily guided. 
The bottom of the mixing- vessel is made semicircular interiorly, and 
double, to contain in the space between the two parts warm water to 
facilitate fermentation. It should be fitted with a gauge and thermometer. 
Instead of using water to warm the mixing vessel, it may be warmed by 
steam, hot air, &c. In addition to this mixing-vessel the patentee uses a 
fixed frame, consisting of a bed-plate and two standards suitably tied 
together, and at such a distance apart as to receive the mixing vessel 
between them ; suitable turn-buttons or clumps are used for securing the 
mixing vessel in this position. To effect the mixing of the dough, a 
horizontal cranked axis or bar, with inclined toothed stirrers upon it, is 
employed. The toothed stirrers may be round, or rectangular in cross 
section, and can be varied in form. The cranked axis or bar is of 
sufficient length to be able to be placed in the mixing- vessel, and of such 
form, that when caused to revolve, it passes just clear of the sides and 
bottom of the mixing- vessel. 
