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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
specimens of Ostrea edulis, Cardium edule, Buccinum nndatum, Mytilus 
edulis, Natica, Patella vulgata, Purpura lapillus, Littorina littoralis, 
Trochus, Anomia serpula, Tapes pullastra, and T. decussata. The pre- 
sence of T. decussata in this locality is of great interest ; firstly, because, 
according to the researches of Mr. McAndrew, it is no longer to be found 
further north than Carnarvonshire ; and, secondly, because it shows 
that, whilst all our other extinct littoral species are to be seen extant 
upon northern shores and even towards the Arctic circle, T. decussata is 
withdrawing from the north to warmer southern latitudes. 
Co-existence of Man with Elephas Meridionaiis . — M. Desnoyers commu- 
nicated the results of his researches upon this question to the Academy of 
Sciences, at one of its recent sittings. There are three kinds of evidence 
from which conclusions may be drawn : — 1st. The presence of the human 
bones themselves ; 2nd. The occurrence of objects of human industry, 
especially flint weapons, in the beds which contain the remains of the 
large mammalia ; 3rd. The traces of man’s hand upon these mammalian 
bones. Having described the character of a series of markings found on 
bones which he discovered near Chartres, and which strise or markings 
he attributes in great part to the action of flint weapons, the author thus 
sums up the results of his observations : — 1. The fossil bones of Elephas 
meridionaiis, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, Hippopotamus major, of several 
species of deer, large and small, of numerous species of oxen, and of other 
mammals regarded as characteristic of the Pliocene formation, and 
discovered in an undisturbed deposit of that geological formation, present 
numerous and unquestionable traces of strise, gashes, and incisions. 
2. These notches and strise are perfectly analogous with those seen on 
fossil bones of other more recent species ; viz., the extinct ones accom- 
panying E. primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Hysena spelea, &c. ; and 
those still living, such as the reindeer, numerous deer, and the aurochs, 
found in bone caves and drift. Similar appearances have been recog- 
nised on several bones of existing species, collected in Gallic, Breton, and 
Germanic tombs, &c. 8. These marks upon the most ancient bones 
have, for the most part, the same origin as those observed on more modern 
ones, and can only be attributed to the action of human weapons. 
4. Some other strise of a finer and more rectilinear character, and which 
intersect each other, are also seen in great numbers upon the bones of 
the Pliocene formation in the neighbourhood of Chartres and other 
localities ; these seem to be analogous to those seen on blocks and pebbles 
which have been scratched and polished by the action of glaciers. 
5. The beds of Saint-Prest, unanimously recognised as Upper Tertiary or 
Pliocene , and certainly as anterior to all the Quaternary deposits containing 
Elephas primigenius, present numerous bones of Elephas meridionaiis, 
and of most of the large species of mammalia characteristic of the Upper 
Tertiaries, upon which both forms of notches and strise may be observed. 
6. From these facts it seems possible to conclude, with a very fair 
appearance of probability until other more satisfactory explanations 
elucidate this double phenomenon more perfectly, that man lived upon 
the French soil before the great and first glacial period (at the same time 
as Elephas meridionaiis and the other Pliocene species characteristic of 
