NEW INVENTIONS. 
237 
cover is provided with a tube extending upwards, through which the 
yeast passes and falls on the outside of the cover. Valves are also 
employed in the cover, opening inwards, and connected with tubing by 
which any liquor the yeast may contain passes again into the vat. 
The patentee also uses within the vat coils of piping supplied with hot 
or cold liquid to regulate the temperature of the liquor, as usual, and 
taps for drawing off the malt liquor from beneath the cover when the 
barm is separated. By the use of this floating air-tight cover, the height 
of the liquor in the vat becomes immaterial, and the free escape of the 
carbonic acid gas is prevented. 
Preventing Fermentation in Liquids while Drawing them 
from Vessels. — Mr. W . Clark, patentee. — These improvements comprise 
an apparatus to be applied to the barrel or receiver, communicating on 
the one hand with the receiver, and on the other with the external air. 
The apparatus contains a disoxygenating solution, so arranged that the 
atmospheric air cannot enter the barrel without passing through the 
solution, and giving up its oxygen. In this manner, in place of the 
liquid drawn off at each time, there will be introduced an equal volume of 
azote ; and although the azote may be in contact with a fermentable 
liquid, it will be incapable of fermentation when free from oxygen. The 
disox 3 ^genating solutions the patentee ordinarily employs consist of 
sulphate of lime and sulphite of protoxide of iron, either together or 
separately, and dissolved. 
Refrigerators. — Messrs. Morris 8 $ Newton , patentees. — The top of 
this improved refrigerator is divided into three compartments ; that in 
the centre being intended for the ice-well, and those at the sides to 
contain wine, water, and other liquid to be cooled, to which cooler taps 
are applied. The w T aste water from the ice-well is conveyed to a cistern 
beneath another ice-well at the bottom of the refrigerator by means of 
wide, flat, or other suitably shaped channels formed in the back and sides. 
The top, sides, and back are packed with a packing consisting of burnt 
cork, charcoal dust, or other suitable material. The rim of the lid 
when closed falls into a small channel filled with water, which keeps the 
ice- well air-tight. A lower ice- well extends over the whole bottom of the 
refrigerator, from which the waste water is conveyed to the cistern 
immediately beneath, from which it is withdrawn by means of a tap. 
By forming the channels for conveying the w r aste water from the upper 
ice-well in the back and sides, and having an ice-well at the bottom, 
the usual central division is entirely dispensed with, thereby obtaining 
increased space in the interior thereof, and effecting a saving of at least 
100 per cent, in the consumption of ice. The patentees make the ice- 
chests, refrigerators, and other like articles, portable, and of any size or 
shape, and entirely of zinc, galvanized iron, or other suitable metals, 
thereby dispensing with the wooden casing as at present used. 
Sheathing Iron Ships. — Messrs. Palmer 8 ? McIntyre , patentees . — 
These improvements consist in fixing to the iron plates of the ship or 
vessel, or to iron for other similar uses, strips of metal which the paten- 
tees prefer to be of galvanized iron, in which strips are inserted rivets of 
copper or other suitable soft metal ; these rivets protrude from the strips 
VOL. III. — NO. X. R 
