240 
POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
strength is obtained by partly making the arms shorter than usual, in 
proportion to the length of the shank — that is to say, about one-fourth 
part instead of about one-third, — and partly by their sectional form. The 
sectional form of the shank is rectangular at its junction with the arms, 
and square at the shank, close to the collar, for the stock. The sectional 
form of the arms is different from that of any other anchor now in use, 
being of a wedge form, varying in sharpness from the throat to the head 
of the palms. The back part of the arms is made parallel from palm to 
palm, and is much thicker than the front part, vdiich is tapered in the 
direction of the point. The arms from the crown to the head of the 
palms being much broader in the direction of the strain than is usual, 
gives them a great increase of strength. 
Mooring Buoys. — Mr. G. F. Lj/ster, 'patentee. — These mooring-buoys 
are constructed in such a manner that, instead of being attached to the 
mooring-chain, and serving as the point of attachment for the vessels, 
they act simply as a float or carrier for keeping the end of the mooring- 
chain above water, the latter being in no way attached to the buoy, 
beyond passing through an aperture formed in the same, and, when not 
atttached to a ship’s cable, being prevented from falling through the 
aperture by the larger dimensions of the mooring-ring. 
Submarine Lantern. — Mr. G. W . Fuller , patentee. — This improved 
submarine lantern is so constructed, that when in use, at whatever depth 
below the surface of the sea, it will have a pressure of air within it equal, 
or about equal, to the pressure of the water on its external surface ; 
whereby the lantern may be of little strength and weight, comparatively, 
and easily handled while below the surface of the water. 
Powder Chargers. — Messrs. HawTcsley & Bissell, patentees. — These im- 
provements consist in a new method of constructing the chargers of 
powder-flasks — that is, the appliances fixed on powder-flasks for mea- 
suring and pouring the charge of powder into guns and rifles. Hitherto 
there have been two chief parts in such articles, a fixed tube or cylinder, 
and a moveable tube with a contracted mouth. The moveable tube has 
had notches cut in it, and an inclined or straight slit, into which the 
notches upon the moveable tube have been set for use by a pin or stud 
inserted in the fixed tube, entering one or other of the notches in the 
moveable tube ; there have been no means, however, of regulating the 
capacity of the charger to any point intermediate between any two 
notches. Now, this invention consists in fitting an upright parallel with 
the fixed tube, in connecting the moveable tube to a bar having an 
aperture through it, into which the upright enters, and on which it is free 
to slide up and down, taking the moveable tube with it. A set-screw 
attached to the bar on the moveable tube fixes it at any desired height on 
the upright. Graduated scales of grains and drams are marked on the 
fixed tube, and apertures are made in the lower part of the moveable tube 
to read the scales. In some cases the patentees dispense with the upright, 
and apply a set-screw to the moveable tube, to fix it at any height on the 
fixed tube. Another part of the invention consists in fitting a spring lid, 
which moves horizontally to close or open the mouth of the moveable 
