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(2) that the intercellular substance does not possess formative power, and 
that physical and chemical changes alone take place in it ; (3) that in all 
cases the masses of germinal matter are continuous with the so-called 
intercellular substance, and that the latter was once in the state of ger- 
minal matter ; (4) that in the development and growth of these tissues, 
the pabulum becomes germinal matter, the germinal matter becomes the 
formed material (intercellular substance), which accumulates and gradu- 
ally undergoes condensation. En passant, we may observe that, in 
regard to conclusion 2, the opinions of Dr. Beale and Professor Huxley 
are diametrically opposed to each other ; the former placing the formative 
power in the endoplasts (nuclei), whilst the latter, in common with Wolff, 
places it in the intercellular substance, or periplast , as he has termed it. 
Structure of the Kidney. — Professor Henle has discovered that our present 
notions of the anatomy of this organ are in part erroneous. The tubules 
of the kidney, even of man, branch and subdivide in quite as arborescent 
a manner as they do in the horse. The conical form of the medullary 
substance is not due to any increase by division of the open tubules, but 
rather to an internal diminution of the intervening smaller tubules. In 
the cortical substance of the human kidney, there are two forms of tubules ; 
one whose epithelium is clearly cellular, and the other whose epithelium is 
rather of the granular type. The author concludes that the open tubules 
separate the essential elements of the urine, the less important being formed 
in the closed or looped ones. This view he supports by the fact that the 
uric acid of children is found in the first, whilst fatty and chalky deposits 
occur in the second. — Zeitschrift fur rationelle Medicin, vol. xix. 
Accidents resulting from Swallowing Leeches . — It appears from an article 
in the Archives Generales de Medecine , that the soldiers in Algeria are 
particularly liable to accidents of this description. At the time when the 
leeches are swallowed, they are so small as readily to escape detection ; 
they are filiform, and rather resemble a blade of grass than anything else. 
They usually become attached to the isthmus faucium, or to the pharynx, 
and are sometimes found in the nostrils. When once they have become 
fixed, they generally remain for a considerable period, and undergo their 
development rapidly. Dr. Baizeau records a case in which they remained 
for more than six months within the pharynx. They very seldom come 
away of their own accord, and must usually be extracted forcibly. If 
they are too deeply seated to be caught by a forceps, then the patient must 
gargle his throat with a mixture of vinegar, water, and common salt, and 
must continue the process for several days. But even this sometimes 
proves unavailing. The symptoms are those of irritation in the part, 
together with occasional hsemorrhage. The latter is often mistaken for a 
symptom of disease of the lungs, stomach, &c. The only preventive appears 
to be a caution to the soldiers not to drink water from streams, &c., when 
they are on the march. It is a remarkable circumstance that a leech can 
live for so long a period under conditions so opposite to those it previously 
enjoyed, and bears out in some measure the views of those who class the 
Hirundinei with the Trematoda and Planaria. 
Cause of “ Angina pectoris .” — Following up Claude Bernard’s views. 
Dr. Cahen, in a memoir recently published, supposes that this painful 
