SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY. 
531 
try. The character of the existing fauna, as well as the extent of the 
land and the height of the mountains, all prove it to be of some geological 
antiquity. Now, in every other country which has been explored, the 
animals which have recently become extinct are always allied to those 
now living in the same region, and are often of gigantic size or remarkable 
forms. Europe gives us elks, bears, and hysenas ; Australia extinct kan- 
garoos and wombats ; South America giant sloths and armadillos ; 
according to all analogy, therefore, it may be expected that the caves of 
Borneo would reward a persevering explorer, not only with fossil tapirs, 
Malay bears, and scaly ant-eaters, but also with the precursors of the 
extraordinary lemuroid forms now inhabiting the country — Galeopithecus , 
Nycticebus , and Tarsius — and with fossil proboscis-monkeys, gibbons and 
orangs more or less resembling those which now abound in its vast and 
luxuriant forests. It is not improbable that some human remains may 
also be found to throw light upon the question of the origin of the Malayan 
races, and to prove whether a negrito or some still lower race was formerly 
spread over the whole Archipelago. Mr. Wallace informs the naturalists 
of this country that a gentleman (Mr. Coulson) is now on his way to 
Singapore, who would gladly undertake to explore the island of Borneo, 
should the scientific world defray the necessary expenses. — Vide Natural 
History Review , No. xiv. 
The Liassic Strata of Belfast. — Mr. Tate, in a paper read before the 
Geological Society, has given an outline sketch of the distribution of cer- 
tain beds of the Lias in the neighbourhood of Belfast. The zones of 
Ammonites BucJclandi, of Avicula contorta," and the white lias, occur in the 
locality referred to. The characters of these subdivisions were described, 
and sections were exhibited showing the beds as exposed in Colin Glen and 
at Cave Hill, where the three zones are developed. Sections of the Avicula 
contorta zone, at Woodbarn, were also shown. It is a remarkable feature of 
these deposits, that in the zone of Ammonites BucJclandi that ammonite 
is replaced by A. intermedins. 
Origin of the American LaJces. — Professor Hind, of Toronto, who has 
given considerable attention to this question, has arrived at the conclusion 
that the great lakes of the St. Lawrence and Winnipeg basins were produced 
by the action of glacial masses, like those now covering Greenland. It 
appears that Sir William Logan and most of the American geologists 
are in favour of this view. 
The White Limestone of Jamaica is described by Mr. A. Lennox as includ- 
ing a basement series of sandstones and shells, a hard white limestone, a yel- 
lowish limestone, and an uppermost member consisting of dark-red marl ; it 
is estimated to be at least 2,500 feet thick. At the junction of the calcareous 
rocks with the granite the former is often more or less altered, and thus affords 
good proof that the latter is of Tertiary age. Mr. Lennox considers that the 
diagrammatic section of the rocks of Jamaica, prepared by the late Mr. 
Barret, is erroneous, for the following reasons : 1st, There is no section in 
Jamaica in which the relation of the white limestone to the Hippurite 
limestone is seen. 2nd. The white limestone is, in his opinion, of Miocene 
age ; and 3rd, the shelly and sandy beds represented in the section as 
overlying the white limestone are, he believes, in quite the opposite posi- 
tion. On physical and palaeontological grounds, Mr. Lennox states his 
