21 
l>roaslo(l Z. meruUuualis taking the place occupied by L. excubitor 
in other parts of Europe, and by Z. ahjp.riensis in hTorth Africa. 
As regards the North African bush shrike, Telephonus tuchaf/ra, 
I am not aware of any cmthe7itic record of its occurrence in the 
Peninsula, although a careful watch has been kept for it during 
the last four years. 
i ho tits are not very numerous, hut the cre.stod titmouse (Parus 
crMatus) is a species which we should hardly have expected to 
find nesting in the extreme south of Spain, and for this we have 
again to thank Major Irhy, who first observed it near Gibraltar. 
Coming to the 1 urdidce, it is remarkable that, Avhereas the redwiii" 
• . ' O 
IS veiy abundant in winter, yet the fieldfare is extremely rare at 
that season, or, at all events, it must occur at considerable interval.s, 
as I have never been able to procure one in u[>wards of five years. 
The song thrush is common in winter, but does not breed, whereas 
the blackbird is resident throughout the year, and even the ring 
ouzel nests in the Sierra Nevada range. The dusky bulbul flxo^ 
ohsciiruxj is another sjwcios abundant in North Africa, but there is 
not, so far as I am aware, a single instance of its occurrence in 
Spain, hrench dealers are the authors of its insertion in the 
strictly European list, as they are for several other species, all of 
which are abundant in Algeria and I\[orocco, but which, for some 
mysterious reason, have never crossed the ^lediterranean.* 
Ihe Saxicolimv are well represented, both as regards species and 
numbers, and both the hedge and Alpine accentors are to be found 
in suitable localities. The same may be said of the warblers, to 
enumerate which, would be to copy dovm the European list almost 
entire, btrange to say, they do not appear to breed anj* earlier 
than with us, and in manv parts tliov seem to continue nestim>' 
later than in our more temperate climate : to this there are one or 
two exceptions, but it is a general rule. The rufons warbler, erro- 
neously stylet! the rufons sedtje warbler in llritish lists, is a 
fretpienter of dry lanes and cactus-hedges, indeed, the most arid 
spots where anything will grow at all. Of the wagtails and pipits 
it is needless to enumerate the species. 
Arriving at the larks, we find that two North African sjiecies, 
which might be expected to occur, are as yet unrecorded, viz., 
• I believe that more than one British ornithologist imagines that Tan- 
giers is in Spaiti ; for tiie benefit of such, I may state that it is in Morocco. 
