SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY. 
109 
photographers who attended these meetings. At the London Society, Mr. 
Mayal, Mr. Jahez Hughes, and others, condemned the thing both in principle 
and practice, and the President of the French Society wound up the un- 
favourable opinions expressed by stating that it was not in the direction M. 
Claudet had pointed out that photographers could hope to find real progress. 
Presentation of Medals . — The long-promised medals of the London Photo- 
graphic Society have at length been awarded as follows: — To Roger Fenton, 
as Founder of the Society ; to Lady Hawarden, for artistic and photographic 
excellence (two medals) ■ to H. P. Robinson, for 1 composition ’ photography; 
and to Messrs. Claudet, Williams, Joubert, England, Bedford, Thompson, 
Maddox, Toovey, Buxton, Macfarlane, Mudd, Lieut.-Col. Stuart Wortley, 
and Major Gresley. 
Magic Cigar Tubes. — A toy application of photography has been intro- 
duced in the shape of cigar- tubes, on which, when smoked, a photograph 
gradually appears. 
Permanent Photographs. — Messrs. Tichbourne and Robinson have ascer- 
tained that chloric and perchloric acids completely oxidise weak solutions of 
hyposulphite of soda, and on this principle base the following process. 
Prepare a solution of twenty-four grains of chlorate of baryta in each ounce 
of water, and add to this quantity twenty minims of perchloric acid (of 
about 12 per cent.). This is the eliminating liquid. Take a porcelain or 
other dish and place in it a pint of hot water, then add two ounces of the 
above solution. The bath is now ready. Having washed the prints suffi- 
ciently in the ordinary way, plunge them into the warm eliminating bath, and 
let them remain there for an hour or so. They afterwards need only to be 
washed with plain water, in order to cleanse the print, then to be dried and 
mounted. 
Mr. Sioan's Carbon Process. — At the meetings of the Photographic Socie- 
ties some very attractive and beautiful examples of this process have been 
exhibited, speaking volumes for the perfection of its results. The inventor 
does not intend to charge for working his process, but will grant its use to 
any photographer who may choose to purchase the materials. One of the 
chief and best features of the process, in regard to the reproduction of works 
of art, is the fact that drawings in chalk or monochrome may be repro- 
duced, not only with the faithfulness of a photographic fac-simile, but in the 
very material of the original. Thus a chalk drawing, red or black, is 
reproduced in chalk, a sepia or bistre drawing in sepia or bistre, &c. The 
paper is prepared in continuous lengths of 12 feet, coated with gelatine and 
pigment, is rendered sensitive by immersion in a saturated solution of 
bichromate of potash for one or two minutes. It is then dried and exposed 
either to the enlarged image of the solar camera or in contact with the 
negative, on the pigment side. Then it is mounted by the aid of a solution of 
india-rubber, pigment side down, on a piece of white paper, and both are 
next dried. After being rolled, the papers thus adhering are immersed in 
tepid water for about ten minutes, when the gelatine will become softened 
and the original paper can be removed, leaving the pigment attached to its 
second support by the india-rubber solution. By increasing the heat of 
the water the unaltered pigment and gelatine dissolves away, and the 
picture is completed. Washing in cold water removes the traces of chromic 
