SCIENTIFIC SUMMARY. 
209 
to inland of Killaguile, where the foliation of the schist curls round nodules 
of gneiss, the latter being foimd to be obliquely foliated. 
A new specimen of Telerpeton Elginense. — A new specimen of this in- 
teresting fossil reptile, which is the property of Mr. James Grant, of Lossie- 
mouth, has been described by Professor Huxley. The casts described con- 
sisted of impressions of the bones of the skull, together with the lower jaw, 
the teeth, most of the vertebrae and ribs, the greater portions of the pelvic 
and scapular arches, and representatives of most of the bones of the fore and 
hind limbs. Professor Huxley concludes that the creature is a true reptile 
of the lizard group, and that it by no means belongs to the amphibia. The 
hind feet appear to be peculiarly anomalous, the fifth digit presenting only 
two phalanges — a structure which differs from that of all lizards, recent and 
fossil, which have been yet examined. 
Fossil Man in the Rhine Valley. — In the Lehm of the Valley of the 
Rhine, near Colmar, there is a marly deposit composed of a mixture of 
clay, fine sand, and carbonate of lime. It forms part of the diluvial beds, 
and in it M. Faudel has found a number of human and other remains. 
These consisted of shells, bones of a huge stag, teeth of Flephas primigenius , 
and a human frontal and right parietal bone of a man of middle size. M. 
Faudel concludes that man was contemporaneous with the mammoth fossil 
stag and bison. 
Varieties of Denudation. — In an able memoir which he has recently 
published, Mr. A. B. Wynne, after bringing forward an abundance of 
evidence to show that no one form of denudation can be supposed to have 
exclusively affected the outer form of the globe, draws the following con- 
clusion : — That the similarity of the general results , notwithstanding differ- 
ences in the causes from which they may have proceeded, and their close 
connection with geological structure, involves their origin in some obscurity, 
which may lead to error, if a prejudice exist in favour of either a marine or 
sub-aerial agency, and that while great changes are effected by the endless 
action of the sea, the equally continuous atmospheric agencies are sufficiently 
powerful to produce, in the lapse of time, results so enormous, that time 
also is required for their full appreciation. 
Fossil Fchinoderms from Sinai. — Dr. P. Martin Duncan, who has been 
examining the cretaceous rocks of Sinai, has written an interesting paper on 
the subject of his investigations. The existence of cretaceous rocks in the 
district of Sinai has been surmised for several years ; but, owing to the 
scarcity of fossils, they have not been correlated with any of the Asiatic 
formations. An examination of the Echinodermata collected by the Rev. 
F. W. Holland from the limestones of Wady Mokatteb and Wady Badera 
has enabled Dr. Duncan to show their parallelism with the red limestones 
in South-eastern Arabia, the fossils from which he described in a former 
paper. All the species not determined are well-known forms, characteristic 
; of the typical Upper Greensand of Europe ; but those formerly described 
| from Sinai by MM. Desor and D’Orbigny seem to be peculiar to that region. 
Dr. Duncan states that by adding the Echinodermata from Sinai to those 
from South-east Arabia, we obtain a fauna eminently characteristic of the 
Middle Cretaceous period ; and, in conclusion, he drew attention to the in- 
teresting fact that the majority of the wide-wandering Echinoderms had a 
