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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
elicited were those of mere shock, injury and pain, or of actual 
dismemberment of function. 
Dr. James Arnott. His Part. 
The great leading discovery that the brain of a living animal 
could be frozen and afterwards could recover was made by Dr. 
James Arnott, who solidified the brain of a pigeon by exposing 
it to a freezing mixture. Here research stopped, because with 
an ordinary freezing mixture it was not possible to act on indi- 
vidual parts of the organ : but the importance of the discovery 
is not the less on that account. It was a marvellous revealing. 
Think what it was ! Here was a living organ of mind, a centre 
of power — of all guiding power, of all volition. It took in every 
motion of the universe to which it was exposed. It took in 
light and form and colour by the eye ; it took in sound by the 
ear, sensation and substance by the touch, odour by the nos- 
tril, and taste by the mouth : it gave out, in return or response, 
animal motion, expression, all else that demonstrates a living 
animal. With it the animal was an animal; without it the 
animal was turned into a mere vegetable. And this organ, the 
very centre and soul of the organism, was, by mere physical 
experiment, for a time made dead — all its powers ice-bound. 
And this organ, again set free, received its functions back again, 
and, as we know now by further observation, its functions un- 
impaired. Surely this was the discovery of a new world ! The 
discoverer of such a world needs no praise, for to him comes 
honour as a birthright, the noble birthright of an interpreter 
of natural truths deep from the depths of nature in her most 
sacred treasury. 
Recent Research. Freezing the Whole Brain. 
Recently, by the advancement in the means of application 
of extreme cold, we have had laid before us a new line of 
enquiry ; we have been enabled to destroy portions of the brain, 
as well as the whole organ, temporarily, and we have been 
also enabled to observe the process of recovery from this form of 
brief death. Thus we have witnessed death of parts of the 
brain, and their restoration from death, and by comparing 
functions lost with functions regained, have traced out, with 
singular correctness, many facts which by no other means 
could have been so certainly revealed. 
I was myself so favoured as to learn a simple mode of 
producing an intense cold with volatile fluid in the form of 
spray, and of so adapting this that even the brain could be 
