12 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
Distribution. — This species is known only from Antarctic seas, but 
there it is widely distributed ; for it has already been recorded from three 
sides of the Antarctic continent — 70° 15' S. lat., 87° 39' W. long., 100 metres 
(Hartlaub); M‘Murdo “ Bay,” 0-130 fathoms (Hickson and Gravely); 
Gauss-Berg, 46 metres, and Gauss Station, 385 metres (Yanhoffen) ; and 
the present records. 
Family Eudendrim:. 
Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus). 
Tubularia ramosa , Linn., 1758, p. 804. 
Eudendrium ramosum , Ehrenberg, 1834, p. 296 ; idem , Hincks, 1868, p. 82, 
pi. xiii. ; idem, Allman, 1872, p. 332, pi. xiii. ; and others. 
Many colonies from several localities are referred to this species. 
Unfortunately, the coenosarc has wholly disappeared, so that skeletal 
characters alone have to be relied upon. These, however, agree well with 
those of the above species, for the colonies, which reach a height of 60 mm., 
are dark brown in colour, exhibit a slender habit, have long, almost simple 
stems with only a trace of fasciculation near the base, and long simple 
branches. The main stem bears groups of a few rings at odd intervals, and 
each branch and branchlet has seven or more rings at its base. 
The chitinous envelopes of female gonophores occur rarely, in groups of 
four or five, perched near the summit of ramuli. 
Localities. — Bay (east of Cape Royds), 7-8 and 7-20 fathoms, June 1908 ; 
10-20 fathoms, May 1908. M‘Murdo Sound, 25-50 fathoms. Cape 
Royds, 20-30 fathoms, July 1908; 30-60 fathoms, 15th August 1908; 
30-80 fathoms, August 1908. 
Distribution. — This species is very generally distributed, and appears, 
according to Broch (1909, p. 201), to have its headquarters in the warmer 
parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, although it occurs generally in 
sub-arctic and sporadically in arctic waters. It has been recorded from the 
Antarctic, from localities between 70° and 71° 15' S. lat., and 80° 48' and 
89° 15' W. long., doubtfully by Hartlaub (1904); and from Gauss Station 
by Yanhoffen (1909), in addition to the present records. But Yanhoffen 
(1909, pp. 298, 299) regards the species as that generally occurring in the 
Antarctic Ocean, and is inclined to refer to it the forms described under 
other specific names from widely separated parts of this area, by Jaderholm, 
from South Georgia (as E. rameum ?, 1905); by Billard, from Booth- 
Wandel Island (as E. ccipillare ?, 1906) ; and by Hickson and Gravely, from 
M‘Murdo “ Bay ” (as E. insigne, 1907). 
