THE FRESH-WATER LOCHS OF SCOTLAND. 
101 
length of the loch is 70 times the maximum depth, and 190 times the 
mean depth. The Loch of Craiglush forms a simple basin, the bottom 
sloping gradually down on all sides towards the deepest part without 
any pronounced irregularities. The maximum depth of 44 feet was 
observed in two places opposite the entrance of the Lunan burn, 
approximately in the centre of the loch, but nearer the western shore 
and the southern end. The area of the lake-floor covered by less than 
20 feet of water is about 51 acres, or 73 per cent, of the total area of the 
loch ; that covered by water between 20 and 40 feet in depth is nearly 
15 acres, or 21 per cent. ; and that covered by more than 40 feet of water 
is over 4 acres, or 6 per cent, of the entire area of the loch. Loch 
Craiglush was surveyed on June 2, 1903, and the height of the surface 
of the water above sea-level was determined by levelling from bench- 
mark as being 327' 6 feet, the same as Loch of Lowes, into which it 
flows. 
T emperature Observations . — Temperature observations taken in the 
deepest part of the loch at 7.45 a.m. gave the following results: — 
Surface 
5 feet 
8 „ 
9 „ 
10 „ 
20 „ 
30 „ 
42 ., 
61° -2 Fahr 
61°-3 „ 
61°-2 „ 
57°-4 „ 
54° -5 „ 
52° -0 „ 
50° -0 „ 
49° -0 „ 
This series shows a rapid fall in the temperature between 8 and 10 
feet, amounting to 6°-7 (a fall of 3°*8 between 8 and 9 feet, and of 2°*9 
between 9 and 10 feet), the extreme range of temperature from surface 
to bottom amounting to 12°*2. 
Loch of Lowes (see Plate XXIX.). — The Loch of Lowes, like the Loch 
of Craiglush, is surrounded by trees ; its shores are mostly composed of 
stony debris, and weeds are abundant off the south-western shore where 
the artificial channel from the Loch of Craiglush enters. It trends in a 
north-east and south-west direction, and is lA miles in length, with a 
maximum breadth of over half a mile, the mean breadth being more 
than a quarter of a mile, or 24 per cent, of the length. Its waters cover 
an area of about 218 acres, or over one-third of a square mile, and it 
drains directly an area of nearly 2 square miles, but since it receives 
the outflow from the Loch of Craiglush its total drainage area is about 
7§ square miles, an area nearly 23 times greater than the area of the 
loch. Over 60 soundings were taken, the maximum depth observed 
being 53 feet. The volume of water contained in the loch is estimated 
at 193,973,000 cubic feet, and the mean depth at nearly 20 J feet, or 
39 per cent, of the maximum depth. The length of the loch is 138 times 
