120 
BATHYMETRICAL SURVEY OF 
river Dee immediately to the south of Loch Ken were surveyed on 
July 15, 1903 — the day after Loch Ken had been sounded — when it was 
found that the water had risen to the extent of about 3 feet, the elevation 
being 144’9 feet above the sea. This was due to the fact that steady rain 
set in at 3 p.m. on July 14, and continued almost without intermission all 
night and all next day. The portion surveyed extends for 4 miles 
southward from the entrance of the Black Water of Dee, as far as Cross- 
michael, and consists of a series of widenings and narrowings of the river, 
the wider parts usually coinciding with an increase in the depth. The 
largest expansion is nearly half a mile in width, while the mean breadth 
of the entire part surveyed is only one-sixth of a mile. The portion 
surveyed covers an area of about 431 acres, or two-thirds of a square mile, 
the area draining into it including Loch Ken and all the other lochs 
previously dealt with, and extending to nearly 300 square miles. The 
maximum depth of 44 feet was observed in the most northerly expansion, 
but depths of 42 feet were recorded about miles lower down, and in the 
most southerly expansion surveyed, called Kirkland Loop. There are 
seven areas where the depth exceeds 20 feet, including no fewer than 
eleven isolated areas where depths exceeding 25 feet were found. The 
large central expansion has a maximum depth of 27 feet, and the little 
olf-shoot on the western shore called Long Loch varies from 9 to 18 feet 
in depth. Of the entire area surveyed about 81 per cent, is covered by 
less than 20 feet of water. 
Temperature Observations . — The surface temperature during the time 
spent on the survey varied from 58°*3 to 60°*6 Fahr. A series taken in 
the northernmost deepest basin indicated a slight inversion of temperature, 
probably as a result of the rainstorm, the surface reading being 58°’3, that 
at 20 feet 58°*6, and that at 39 feet 58°*8. 
Carlingivarh Loch (see Plate XLIV.). — Carlingwark Loch lies close to 
the town of Castle Douglas, and drains into the river Dee by a straight 
stream called Carlingwark Lane, 1^ miles in length. The loch is sub- 
rectangular in outline, and trends nearly north and south, being three- 
quarters of a mile in length , and over one-third of a mile in maximum 
breadth. The superficial area is about 105 acres, and the drainage area 
over half a square mile. The maximum depth of 17 feet is centrally 
placed, and of the entire lake-floor about 74 per cent, is covered by less 
than 10 feet of water. The mean depth is estimated at 7 feet, and the 
volume of water at 31 million cubic feet. The loch was surveyed on 
July 17, 1903, when the elevation was 143-0 feet above the sea ; the 
elevation as observed by the Ordnance Survey on April 23, 1894, was 
142-3 feet. 
Loch Whinijeon (see Plate XLIV.). — ^Loch Whinyeon is a little sub- 
circular loch about 5 miles north-east of Gatehouse of Fleet. When 
surveyed on July 22, 1903, the elevation could not be determined by 
