DR. C. B. PLOWRIGHT ON BRITISH DYE PLANTS. 
394 
Parmelia caperata AYhen fresh, these Lichens all give 
„ saxatilis good browns when boiled with wool. 
„ physodes They require no mordant. Maceration of 
,, borreri J P. saxatilis, with ammonia, and also 
with urine for prolonged periods, produced no red colour. 
Physcia flavicans. — This gives only a pale yellowish-brown of 
no great beauty. The Lichen vulpinus of Linnseus does give 
a beautiful lemon-yellow, but this is not a British species. 
Physcia parietina. — Gives, in spite of its rich orange-yellow 
colour, only a pale brown. By the action of alkalies it yields 
a dirty brown with the barest suggestion of red. 
Umbilicaria polyphylla 
Lecanora tartarea 
Urceolaria scruposa 
1 ,- 
All three species, when macerated 
m water containing ammonia, pro- 
J duced cudbear. As far as I could 
judge, the colours were practically identical; red when finished in 
an alum or tin solution, purple when treated with an alkali. The 
colours are beautiful, but evanescent. The colouring matter is 
orcein, C 7 H 7 N0 3 . 
Polyporus hispidus. — This fungus has been used for dyeing by 
our ancestors : boiled with alum it dyed wool a good yellow-brown. 
Lightfoot. ‘ Flora Scotica,’ London, 1727. 
Itutty. ‘Essay towards a Natural History of the County of Dublin,’ 1772. 
Svenonius J. ‘Specimen de usu plantarum iu Islandia indigenarum in arte 
tinctoricc,’ Iitrise, 1776. 8vo. 
Linneus C. ‘Amcenitates Academical,’ vol. v., ed. ii., 17S8. Plantse 
Tinctorial, E. Jorlin, Upsala, 16 May, 1759. 
Pennant Thos. ‘ Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides in 1782.’ 
London, 1790. 
Withering W. ‘ British Plants,’ 4tli edition, 1801. 
Hooker W. J. ‘Tour in Iceland,’ 2nd ed., Yarmouth, 1813. 
llllgren 01. ‘ De plantes tinctoris suecani?,’ 1815. 
Purton. ‘Midland Flora,’ 1817. 
Sowerby’s ‘ English Botany,’ 2nd edition, 1835. 
Knapp. ‘Journal of a Naturalist,’ ed. iii., 1838. 
Thorpe. ‘Dictionary of Applied Chemistry,’ 1890. 
