president’s address. 
431 
On 20th October Mr. T. Southwell contributed an account of 
a Diary kept in 1800 — 01, by the late Rev. Dr. Sutton, at 
Holme-next-the-Sea. Mr. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., sent a paper on 
“The Distribution of Peucedanum palustre and Lathyrus pulustr is 
in Britain.” Mr. F. Long made some remarks on an unusual form 
of Mentha piperita found in Norfolk, and Mr. Patterson read some 
“ Notes from Yarmouth.” 
On 25th November Mr. F. W. Harmer, F.G.S., read a paper by 
the President on “ East Anglian Geology,” illustrated by lantern 
slides, and Mr. J. If. Gurney, F.Z.S., exhibited photographs of the 
Bas3 Rock during the nesting season of the Gannets. 
At the meeting on 27th January, 1903, Mr. W. G. Clarke sent 
a paper on “ The Meres of Wretham Heath,” which was read by 
Mr. F. Leney. Other papers were, “ Pyrola rotumlifolia, Lin. in 
East Anglia,” by Mr. A. Bennett, F. L.S. ; A List of “Flowers, 
Fungi, and Mosses,” from N.W. Norfolk, by Rev. W. E. Thompson ; 
Entomological Notes by Mr. W. H. Tuck ; "Winter Notes by 
Mr. Patterson ; and Mr. F. Long exhibited some Botanical Specimens 
mounted by himself. 
On 24th February Mr. A. W. Preston, F. R. Met. Soc., read his 
“Meteorological Notes” for 1902; Mr. T. J. Wigg, “Notes on 
Herring Fishery ” for 1902; and Mr. J. H. Gurney, F.Z.S., sent 
a Note on the nest of a Siberian Jay. 
The subject I intend to bring before you to-night is : — 
THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE IN ANTARCTIC LANDS. 
Introductory — Glacial and Interglacial Periods. 
During the past sixty years, Astronomers, Physicists, Meteorolo- 
gists, and Geologists, have all laboured to elucidate the causes and 
extent of the Glacial period, or to speak more correctly — periods. 
It seems certain that such epochs have been, in great measure, 
brought about by a combination of astronomical causes, such as the 
inclination of the earth’s axis, the ellipticity of her orbit, and her 
position in relation to the sun in perihelion and aphelion. But to 
whatever combination of causes such alterations of climate in the 
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