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president’s address. 
the Chatham Islands. This Cabalus occurs also on Lord Howe 
Island, 300 miles off the Coast of Eastern Australia to the far 
north west of Chatham Island. 
Of other flightless birds, we have the Aptornis de/ossor, a large 
extinct Rail, and Mantell’s Notornis, recently killed off in New 
Zealand, a Porphyrio also in New Zealand and Norfolk Island. 
The Penguins, of which many species are known, occur on the 
Islands and Continents of all the Southern lands, just as the Great 
Auk was at one time distributed around all the circumpolar lands 
in the Northern Hemisphere, but the Great Auk was not found 
within the Arctic circle. 
Australia possesses a peculiar existing fauna belonging to the 
Monotremata and Marsupialia. The former : Ornithorhynchus 
and Echidna represent the sole surviving forms of the lowest 
division of the Mammalia, viz., the Prototheria, and to the 
order, Monotremata (egg-laying Mammals), which are confined to 
Australasia (New Guinea, Australia, and Tasmania). The latter 
comprising the pouched Mammals, known as the Kangaroos, 
Wombats, Dasyure, Thylacine, Rat-Kangaroo; Macropus , Rock- 
Wallabies ( Petrogale ), Hare-Wallaby ( Lagorchestes ), Dorcopsis , 
Dendrologus (Tree-Kangaroo) ; Bettongia, &c. 
Fossil forms are numerous, some like Diprotodon and Nototherium 
far exceeding the living forms in size. There are also many other 
fossil genera, described by Owen, such as Sthenuras, Procoptodon, 
Palorchestes. In Diprotodon , the fore and hind limbs are not 
differentiated, but are of nearly equal length, and not adapted for 
rapid movement. 
Added to these are the Phalangers, Cuscus, Flying Phalangers ; 
the Koala ; and the extinct Tliylacoleo carnifex, most probably 
related to the Wombats ( Phascolomys ). Added to these are the 
Bandicoots ( Perameles ) ; the Tasmanian Wolf ( Tliylacinus ) ; 
the Tasmanian Devil ( Dasyurus ) ; the Pouched Mole ( Notoryetes ) ; 
and the Opossums ( Didelphys ), common to America and Australia. 
The curious and now almost extinct “Tuatara” Lizard ( Sphenodon 
or Hatteria), now confined to an Islet off the North Island of 
New Zealand, formerly existed also in Chatham Islands 500 miles 
distant by sea. 
