president’s address. 
443 
The most remarkable discovery of late years bearing upon the 
wide distribution of similar animals over the Southern Continents, 
is that of Miolania, an extinct genus of land Tortoise, the head of 
which is ornamented with peculiar bony plates, and the tail is 
encased in a bony sheath, resembling the tail of Ghjptodon. The 
first example of Miolania was found in Queensland, Australia ; 
the second on Lord Ilowe Island, 300 miles to the eastward of the 
Great Barrier Iieef. The third example was lately obtained by 
l)r. Moreno in Argentina, South America! yat they can only be 
differentiated specifically, notwithstanding their enormously wide 
geographical separation from one another. 
Amongst the Amphibia the Cystognathida • occur in Australia, 
Tasmania, and South America. 
Of Freshwater fishes we have the Southern “Salmon” Haplo- 
chitonidce, and the Southern Pikes Galaxiide, common to New 
Zealand, Chili, Patagonia, and the Falkland Islands. 
Again the remarkable Dipnoi and Osteoglossi are peculiar to the 
rivers of Africa, Australia, and South America, and are unknown 
north of the equator. 
Peri pat us is only known from the West Indies, from South 
America, South Africa, and Australia. 
Among the Scorpicmidce, the genus Cercophotiius is only met 
with in South-east Australia and in South America. 
Placostylus, a genus of Land-Mollusc, is found in the Solomon 
Islands, in Fiji, the Now Hebrides, Loyalty Island, New Caledonia, 
Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, and in New Zealand. 
A summary of the Flora characteristic of the Southern Hemi- 
sphere fully confirms the conclusions derived from a study of the 
Fauna, and establishes beyond a doubt the former existence of 
extensive land-connections between the Southern Continents and 
Islands in Tertiary times which have since disappeared beneath 
the ocean. 
Plants. Southern Hemisphere ( Notogwa ). 
Saxifrages. Of the “ Saxifrages ” the genus Donnatia occurs 
in New Zealand, Tasmania, Chili, and Tierra del Fuego. Eseallonia ?, 
