492 DR. HENRT WOODWARD ON EAST ANGLIAN GEOLOGY. 
Cervut dicranoceros, Sus, Tapirus, Ursus arvernensis, Canis vulpes, 
Hycenarclos, Felis pardioides, Hipparion, Hycena striata, Hali- 
therium Canhami, Belemnoziphius, Choneziphius, Trichechus, 
Delph inns, Cetotolithes or ear-bones of Whales (Balcena, eye. ) ; bones 
of Bird ( Diomedea ) ; teeth of Sharks ( Carcharodon mcgalodon) 
t fc., ( fc. Professor Lankester considers that the Cetacean remains 
were derived from the lowest Crag-deposits, known in Belgium as 
the “Diestian'’ or Black-crag of Antiverp. Professor Prestwich 
believed that the Mastodon and Rhinoceros of the Crag “Bone-bed” 
might have lived on land adjacent to the Suffolk area during the 
period of the formation of the Coralline Crag. The Whales he 
considered must certainly have existed at that time. Mr. Harmer is, 
however, strongly of opinion that most of these fossils, found, not 
in the Crag, hut in a remanie bed at its base, have been derived 
from strata older than the East Anglian Crag. 
Sir Charles Lyell was struck by the identity in lithological 
character between the matrix of the round stone bodies containing 
casts of shells and known as Suffolk “ Box-stones ,” and certain 
beds of the Antwerp Crag seen at Berchem ; he had no doubt 
that they had been derived from that deposit. He thought that 
the area between Belgium and England might have contained 
a large number of terrestrial beds which eventually left certain of 
their contents to be mingled together in the lower beds of the later 
marine deposits of Suffolk. 
Ear-bones of Whales, and teeth of Carcharodon attached to 
nodules of glauconite and manganese closely resembling those of 
the Suffolk Crag, were dredged up by the “ Challenger ” in deep 
water in the Atlantic and elsewhere. 
Sir John Murray believes that all these phosphatic nodules have 
been similarly formed in deep water deposits by chemical action 
upon the organic matter on the sea-floor and in the sea-water. 
The teeth of the Sharks are being dissolved away by this action, 
leaving often only a shell of enamel behind. 
Similar vast accumulations of marine and land animals with 
phosphatic matter have been met with in Tertiary deposits at 
Charleston, Carolina, and of mammalian remains in France at Caylux . 
The Cambridge Greensand and the Potton Beds are also examples 
of phosphatic deposits of a similar nature to the Crag, but older 
than Tertiary. 
