DR. HENRY WOODWARD ON EAST ANGLIAN GEOLOGY. 
495 
The Norwich Crag also covers a large area in Suffolk, as at 
Hoxne, llalesworth, Easton-Bavent, Dunwich, Saxmundham, 
Leiston, and Thorpe hy Alboro’. 
Thickness op tiie Crag. 
liecent information, derived from borings in search of water, show 
that the Norwich Crag is a more important deposit in thickness 
than was formerly supposed. 
A boring at Messrs. Youngman and Preston’s Brewery at 
Lowestoft has been carried about 180 feet below sea-level without 
piercing the Crag ; the lowest bed reached being apparently 
Norwich Crag.* 
At Beccles, the Norwich Crag series (if we include thirty-three 
feet of Pebbly gravel) was proved to be 129 feet in thickness; and 
at Southwold 147 feet of Shelly Crag — all of Norwich Crag age — 
was proved in a boring for water-works, 1886 — 87. t 
At Saxmundham Brewery, 105 feet of Crag, probably of 
Norwich Crag age, was proved in the well-boring. 
Climate of the Suffolk Crag Period. 
Mr. F. W. Harmer observes : — “ A considerable percentage of 
the species of mollusca found in the oldest Crag beds (Coralline 
and Walton Crags) some of them survivors from Miocene times, 
are not known living ; as to the rest, the general character of the 
fauna is more or less similar to that of the Mediterranean at the 
present day, the presumption being that the climate of the Eastern 
counties of England was somewhat warmer at that period than it 
now is. The upper zones of the Crag, however, those represented by 
the Butley, Norwich, and Weybourn deposits give evidence of more 
boreal, and even of arctic conditions. 
The Forest-Bed Series of the Norfolk Coast. 
A portion at least of the Norwich Crag Beds (known as the 
“ Chillesford series ”) underlies the “ Forest-Bed ” at Ivessinglancl 
and Corton. 
4. The Cromer or Forest-Bed series extends for a considerable 
distance around the Norfolk coast, and, although not always to be 
* Geol. Survey, Summary of Progress, 1898, p. 146. 
t Reid, Pliocene Deposits of Britain, p. 104. 
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