DU. HENIIY WOODWARD ON EA8T ANGLIAN GEOLOGY. 
497 
I ho i io it is the case in the Boulder Clay districts of Norfolk and 
central Suffolk to-day. 
Submarine Deposits off the Coast. 
All along the East Anglian Coast (from Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, 
and Lincolnshire to Yorkshire) deposits have long been known to 
exist on the iloor of the North Sea (which is here comparatively 
shallow) which at times form banks, as the “ Dogger-bank," of 
very large extent, the “ Kn ole-sun d," the “ Srroby-sond,” and many 
others. These banks have been the favourite resort of our fishermen 
from very early times for trawling and line-fishing. We have 
records extending over more than a hundred years, showing that 
the fishermen were in the habit of hauling up in their trawl-nets 
vast numbers of bones of extinct animals, grinders and tusks of 
Elephants, antlers of Deer, and horn-cores of Musk-ox and Bison. 
These were at first destroyed (with many imprecations) on account of 
the damage to their nets ; but at last there grew up a considerable 
number of curious and observant Naturalists and Geologists, who 
encouraged the fishermen to preserve these remains, lienee the 
collections of the Bev. J. Layton, Mr. Taylor, Mr. J. J. Owles 
of Yarmouth, Samuel Woodward, Rev. John Gunn, Mr. Backhouse, 
Mr. J. J . Colinan, M.P., Mr. Savin, and many others. Thus a large 
number of interesting records have been preserved of this old sub- 
marine land. One very striking feature of the remains is that they 
have not been rolled like those found in the nodule beds at the base 
of the Coralline and Red Crags, but retain their original sharpness as 
if they had been quietly left on the old land-surface where the 
animals had died. But for the fact that they represent a younger 
fauna than the Norfolk Eorest-bed one would have wished to 
correlate them with that deposit so near at hand. But a long period 
of time must have intervened between the two, and it serves to 
show how many periods of past geological time are represented by 
these fragmentary deposits left to us in East Anglia and upon its 
coasts. 
Quartern ary Deposits and Prehistoric Man. 
The latest changes brought about were due to local causes, floods, 
and river-action, leaving behind, in the present or former valleys, 
deposits of brick-earth and gravel. One such deposit was noticed 
