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POPULAE SCIENCE REVIEW. 
rock there is comparatiyely loy ground, the Windmill Hill being about 400 
feet above the level of the sea ; but the strata there are inclined in an opposite 
direction to the great mass of what is termed the “ Rock of Gibraltar.” In 
the Windmill Rock the caverns have been found, and in these latter a great 
quantity of bones was discovered. The bones, which were mingled with 
pottery, flint implements, and charcoal, appear to have been deposited at 
different periods, and were found at various depths, the lowest being 14 feet 
below the floor of the cavern. Those in the lowest layer consisted of the bones 
of mammals, several of which were of extinct species. They were imbedded 
in ferruginous earth partially fossilized, and were covered with stalagmite — no 
human bones were with them. Above this layer were deposited the remains 
of about thirty human skeletons, with fragments of pottery, flint implements, 
particles of charcoal, and a bronze fishing-hook. Some of the pottery had 
been turned in a lathe, and bore evidence of classic art. In another cavern, 
discovered under the foundation of the military prison, the remains of two 
isolated skeletons were also found. Only one skull had been discovered 
there, and that had been sent to hir. Busk, who remarked that the lower jaw 
transmitted with the cranium did not belong to it, showing that there 
must have been another skull in the cavern, though no trace of it had been 
found. There was nothing in the form of the skull to distinguish it from the 
ordinary European type ; but the bones of the leg were remarkably com- 
pressed ; for which appearance it was difficult to account. Since Mr. Busk’s 
attention had been drawn to this character, he had observed a similar com- 
pression in the leg-bones of other human skeletons, which were known to be 
of great antiquity. MTiether this conformation was to be regarded as a race- 
character, or was produced by special occupation or habit, Mr. Busk would not 
venture an opinion upon ; but Professor Huxley, who was present, considered 
the compression to indicate a race-character that had originally been 
induced by either habit or disease, and he regarded the perpetuity of the 
character as a confirmation of the Darwinian theorv. 
Pre-historic Pile-houses . — ^At a meeting of the French Academy in December, 
M. Leroq presented a memoir on the inabitants of pile-houses and caves. In 
Y enetia he states that he has found the remains of those tribes who peopled 
Europe before the immigration Aryas. In the cavern of Lusingnano, at a 
level of ten feet below the surface, he found flint implements resembling 
those discovered at Perigord, fragments of pottery, and a bone needle. In an 
adjacent cavern he found associated with the flint implements, teeth, jaws, 
and other bones of the great fossil bear : the specimens discovered were, un- 
fortunately, in a very mutilated condition. 
Iron Impleriients in Crannoges . — In a letter addressed to the Peacler, by 
Mr. George Henry Kinahan, some important points relative to the antiquity 
of iron, and the necessity for seeking for traces of this metal, have been dwelt 
on. MTiile investigating one of the largest Crannoges or artificial islands in 
Lough Rea, co. Galway, he found only stone implements, with the excep- 
tion of a rude knife, which appeared to be of some sort of bronze. But he 
observed facts which would seem to indicate that iron implements had been 
in use among the inhabitants of the Crannoges. These facts are as follows : — 
1st. All the stakes that were drawn had been pomted by a sharp cuttiiig 
instrument, as was evidenced by the clean cuts. 2nd. Pieces of deer’s horn 
