THE CUTTLE-FISH. 
115 
brain is close to the anterior part of the alimentary canal, and 
is sheltered by a cartilaginous framework, which is thus a fore- 
shadowing, as it were, of part of the true internal skeleton (viz. 
the skull) of higher animals. 
Unlike the lobster, all the muscles in the cuttle-fish are 
composed of unstriated fibres. 
The organs of smell consist of a pit between each eye and 
the tentacles, and, as has been said, their nerves are supplied 
by the cerebral ganglia. The eye has been already noticed. 
The ears are two small sacks, one placed on each side of the 
head in the lower part of the cartilage before mentioned, thus 
strongly recalling to mind the internal ears of higher animals. 
Each sack contains certain hard parts termed otolithes. The 
auditory nerves come not from the cerebral, but from the pedal 
ganglia. 
The sense of taste is probably effected by the agency of 
papillae situated at the base of the tongue. 
With regard to the reproductive system, each individual is 
either male or female, and the male, as has been said, has a 
suckerless space on one of his arms on the left side of the body. 
The sexual gland, whether testis or ovary, is situated at the 
lower end of the body, and its duct opens into the pallial 
chamber. Each sex is also provided with an accessory gland 
which in the female coats the eggs with a viscid substance, 
which connects them together, so that they resemble a bunch 
of grapes. The corresponding gland in the male, as we before 
saw to be the case in the lobster, coats the spermatozoa with its 
secretion, and thus they become enclosed in peculiar cases which 
from their office are termed Spermatophores, and which possess 
the property of expanding with force when wetted, and thus, 
becoming everted, scatter the contained spermatozoa. 
During the congress of the sexes, the male transfers these 
bodies from his own pallial chamber into that of the female. 
The egg is shaped much like that of the common fowl, but 
is full of yelk. Only part of this undergoes division, and the 
divided surface {blastoderm) gradually spreads itself all over 
the yelk. 
It is the haemal surface of the body which is first formed, 
and not, as in the lobster, and in higher animals, that part of 
the body at which the nervous system is situated. The surface 
of the blastoderm soon exhibits rudiments of the principal ex- 
ternal parts. In the centre appears what is ultimately the 
lower end of the body. On each side of this a fold is developed, 
and these two folds afterwards unite to form the funnel in the 
adult. At the anterior ends of these two folds respectively 
the eyes come into view, and between them the indication of 
the future mouth in the middle line in front, and of the future 
