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marine crag of Norfolk and Suffolk, whence the waterworn 
remains of terrestrial crag mammals were ultimately derived. 
It first occurs at Clacton, Ilford, and Crayford, and subsequently 
lived in incredible numbers in Somersetshire, during the full 
occupation of the country by the post-glacial fauna. In Kent’s 
Hole it was associated with the pliocene Machairodus, but the 
occurrence of that animal does not stamp the Pliocene age of 
the cave because of the enormous number of Keindeer, Hysenas, 
Mammoth, tichorhine Ehinoceroses, and other post-glacial 
mammals that were also found. Its presence can only be 
accounted for on the supposition that it strayed up northwards 
from its southern habitat, very much in the same way as its 
congener the Tiger does now in Northern Asia. It proves, how- 
ever, one important fact, that while the post-glacial fauna were 
in full possession of the British area, the pliocene fauna of 
which it is a member occupied a zoological province farther to 
the south. 
Nor on the mainland of Europe has the Cave Lion been 
proved to have existed during the Pliocene epoch. In France it 
has been found in the caverns of Echenoz and Fovent (Haute- 
Saone), of Grondenaus (Doubs) ; of Lunelviel (Herault) ; of 
Pondres and St.-Julien-d’Ecosse (Grarde) ; and in that of 
Aurignac described by M. Lartet. It has also been discovered 
in the caves of Bruniquel and Eyzies, and in the rock-shelter of 
the Madelaine, under circumstances that prove that it inhabited 
France at the same time that the stone-using primeval hunters 
lived in the country, and engraved the objects of their chase on 
frasfments of Reindeer antler and tusks of Mammoth. In the 
extreme south it is quoted by Baron Cuvier from the bone 
breccia of Nice. It occurs also in the river deposits of Tour de 
Boulade (Puy de Dome) ; of Abbeville (Somme) ; of Paris 
(Seine) ; of Soute by Pons (Charente Inferieure) ; and other 
localities. Throughout Belgium and Grermany the animal 
occurs more or less abundantly, and especially in the caves 
such as those of Liege, Goffontaine, Gailenreuth, Schartzfeldt, 
Altenstein, and Sundwig. The first case on record of its dis- 
covery is tliat by Dr. John Maine, in the bone caves of Hungary, 
which is also very valuable, as it is the most southern point in 
Central Europe in which its bones have been found. 
Up to the present time the animal has not been found in 
Spain, most probably because so few l)one caves have been 
explored in that country. In Italy it is proved by the dis- 
coveries of M. Cesselli to have been living in the neighbourhood 
of Rome while the volcanoes of that district were in full activity. 
In Sicily the labours of Dr. Falconer in the Grotto of Maccagnone 
have resulted in the proof that it inhabited the island with Man, 
the Hya;na, Hippopotamus, and Elejjhas antiquus. 
