1888 - 89 .] Dr R. W. Felkin on Tropical Diseases. 309 
of the Egyptian Soudan (Bari and Madi districts, Bahr-el-Ghazal, 
and Uganda). In Mayotte and Madagascar it almost certainly 
occurs, and it probably exists in Queensland. The Filaria sanguinis 
hominis is extensively found throughout China and India, but 
curiously enough, the Dutch East Indies and Formosa are free 
from it. 
Remarks . — From what has been said, it will be seen that the 
habitat of the Filaria sanguinis hominis is confined to the tropical 
or sub-tropical regions, and it is also of great interest to notice that 
the mosquito forms its intermediate host. As was mentioned above, 
the Filaria are found during the night in the blood, and consequently 
in the subcutaneous capillaries, where the mosquitos are able to reach 
them. In the insect’s stomach they undergo developmental changes, 
and they are probably discharged with the larvae of the mosquito into 
drinking water, and by this means again conveyed into the human 
subject. 
XVI. Scurvy. 
(See Plate XII.) 
Synon. — Scorbutus; Fr. Scorbut; Ger. Scharbock. 
Definition . — Scurvy is characterised clinically by intense general 
debility ; sponginess and swelling of the gums ; ecchymoses closely 
resembling bruises, about the thighs and legs ; a brawny hardness 
about, and sometimes a contraction of, the muscles of the calf ; 
pearly conjunctive ; and a sallow aspect, somewhat akin to mild 
jaundice. 
Geographical Distribution . — Apart from the occurrence of scurvy 
at sea and amongst troops on campaign, and outbreaks of it, which 
occasionally occur all over the world in prisons, and among emi- 
grants who have rapidly settled in given districts, scurvy is still 
endemic in some parts of the world. In Russia we find one of the 
chief seats of the disease at the present time. It is endemic in the 
Baltic provinces and at St Petersburg, in the governments of 
Olonetz and Novgorod, along the shores of the Arctic Ocean and 
other parts of the Siberian littoral, such as the Amoor region and 
at Kamtchatka. It is endemic in Asiatic Russia, along the Chinese 
frontier, and also at Tomsk. It is met with in the government of 
Kasan, but more especially in the southern provinces of the empire — 
