70 
rock is the Trias sandstone so commonly seen on the hanks 
of the Irwell, covered by about 27 feet of valley sand and 
gravel. It has been much changed in appearance since the 
waters left it and retired to their present bed, as from the 
excavations made in his land there was the course of a small 
brook spanned by a bridge of two arches, now covered by 
broken stones and rubbish, and connecting Cateaton Street, 
along Hanging Bridge, with the site of the Cathedral. 
His architect, Mr. Henry Worthington, of this city, col- 
lected the specimens now on the table, and to him he was 
also indebted for the sketch of the two arches, under the 
most northern of which the small stream of about 18 inches 
wide and 7 inches deep flows. It was in and near the bed 
of this stream that the objects were found, having been 
probably thrown or dropped in from the Hanging Bridge. 
The seal of the Duchy appears to be of about the com- 
mencement of the fifteenth century, is a casting in lead of 
about 2 inches in diameter, and has a hole in it as if it had 
been attached to some body by a string. 
The old spoons, which are of lead, and key of iron, are of 
ancient date, but their exact age it is difficult to say. 
The small piece of lead, § of an inch thick, about 1 \ inches 
long, by 1J inches broad, and having a slight handle of 
about half an inch, has in relief on one side an ancient 
alphabet, and on the other a cross. Now, Chambers, in 
their Book of Days, at page 47, in giving a description of 
Horn Books, say that “ they are now very rare, even the 
most modern ones, and that the alphabet on them was 
invariably prefaced with a cross, whence it came to be called 
the Christ Cross Row, or, by corruption, Criss Cross Row, a 
term which was often used instead of Horn Book. In 
earlier times it is thought that a cast leaden plate, contain- 
ing the alphabet in raised letters, was used for the instruction 
of the youth of England, as Sir George Musgrave, of Eden 
Hall, possesses two carved stones, which appear to have been 
