The principal opening is about 30 feet in length and 20 
feet in height, but from the other small sections around it, 
many more details of the stratification can be obtained. 
The direction of all these sections is nearly at right angles 
to the fault, namely, E. and W. 
The lowest bed exposed consists of variegated soft shale, 
in small flakes (dip 59° — 10° E. of N.) ; above this is a 
stratum of sandstone, 5 feet in thickness, containing 
abundance of Mn0 2 in the many fissures which traverse it, 
and it is a noticeable fact, that in the lower portion of the 
section there is a larger quantity of the mineral than in the 
upper portion; next is a bed of variegated soft shale, 7 feet 
in thickness, in flakes, and similar in nature to the bed 
underlying the sandstone previously mentioned ; the 
remainder of the section consists of alternating bands of 
shale and sandstone, much broken and contorted, and 14 
feet thick, which gradually become more and more 
bent until they reach a position nearly five feet above 
the underlying bed of shale, when a stratum of sandstone, 8 
inches thick, undergoes three decided bends — in one case, a 
complete break. This sandstone, like all the other beds in 
the section, has been shattered into small angular fragments, 
and into the cracks thus formed mineral matter has been 
introduced by the percolation of water. Many of the 
smaller fragments have again been cemented together by 
oxide of iron, as the cracks surrounding them had not 
separated the adjoining portions of rock far asunder, while 
the walls of the larger fissures are only coated with oxide of 
iron and argillaceous matter, or, in the upper part of the 
section, with oxide of manganese, and are not firmly united 
together. 
Above this contorted bed of sandstone, the alternating 
layers of rock are similarly disturbed for a thickness of about 
7 feet, when the arrangement of the beds becomes very obscure, 
and a little above this the series assumes a nearly vertical dip, 
