490 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
The vaults are entered by a door from the fosse, but this is now 
built up. The examination of these vaults would be an under- 
taking of the greatest interest as tending to throw light on the 
course of the first wall. 
From the corner tower Hippicus the wall ran east to the Temple. 
The rock levels now obtained show the existence of a precipice or 
scarp running eastwards from the vicinity of the citadel ; and on 
this line, also, the foundations of two ancient towers have been 
discovered, which seem to have formed part of the north face of 
the wall. 
The south-west angle of the ancient city is now recovered in a 
satisfactory manner. A rocky scarp, which had long been observ- 
able, was thoroughly explored in 1874 by an English engineer, 
Mr. Henry Maudslay. During my stay in Jerusalem I made a 
careful survey of the remains discovered. The rock was found to 
have been worked to a vertical face to a height of 50 feet for a 
distance of 150 yards. At either end of this scarp was a projecting 
rock buttress, the base of a tower 40 feet square. A flight of rock- 
cut steps led up to each tower from the fort of the scarp, and 
numerous cisterns were excavated in the rock on the top of the 
tower bases. 
It is interesting to note that this arrangement agrees exactly with 
the description which Josephus gives of the towers along the wall 
of the ancient city. 
The rock scarp is found to continue beyond the towers both 
northwards and eastwards. The towers stand in the precincts of 
the Protestant cemetery and bishop’s school, and Mr Maudslay was 
unable to obtain leave to continue his researches beyond the limits 
of this property. There can be little doubt that one of the most 
useful and interesting researches remaining to be undertaken, con- 
sists in the following out of this discovery, and the further tracing 
of the ancient wall foundation. 
The manner in which the first wall joins the Temple enclosure 
at the south-east angle has already been described. It is not, how- 
ever, as yet known exactly where the wall crossed the Tyropoeon 
valley. The account given in the Book of Nehemiah and that of 
Josephus are both too indefinite to be clearly understood without 
- the aid of explorations along the line. A careful tracing eastwards 
