36 THE SPRING GEAIN-APHIS OR 
before they were ready to head out the aphidids disappeared. This 
was probably due to the presence of the parasites. Wheat was not 
attacked or injured by these aphides. Mr. Parks did not have any 
of this material identified, and we can not say absolutely that this 
was Toxoptera graminum Rond., but the character of the attack, the 
sudden disappearance of the aphidids, and the fact that they did not 
disturb wheat coincide with our observations on this insect in this 
latitude and to us clearly point to Toxoptera as the originator of the 
trouble. 
Part of the trouble referred to in letters cited in Bulletin 210 of the 
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station was, in all probability, due to 
"green-bug" attack, since from our own observations on this species 
in northern latitudes a part of this injury appears to be characteristic 
of Toxoptera. 
North and South Carolina also suffered somewhat from the depre- 
dations of this insect in 1907. The senior author made a trip into 
this section, reaching Sumter, S. C, April 17, 1907. He found that 
all fields of oats, the only grain sown, were more or less affected; here 
and there brown areas occurred, showing the characteristic work of 
Toxoptera. This condition was noticeable from Sumter, S. C, to 
Charlotte, N. C, indicating that the infestation was general. Both 
Macrosiphum granaria Buckt. and Toxoptera graminum Rond. were 
present, but the latter was by far the more numerous. There were 
very few parasites or coccinellids in evidence. In a letter dated June 
18 Mr. E. C. Haynsworth, of Sumter, stated that soon after the 
senior author's visit in April the weather became warmer and Toxop- 
tera disappeared very rapidly. 
In some parts of North Carolina the injury was quite serious. Mr. 
Franklin Sherman, jr., of the North Carolina Department of Agricul- 
ture, has kindly placed his notes on this outbreak at our disposal. 
He stated that the worst area of infestation centered about Winston- 
Salem, in Forsyth County, N. C, although some injury was also 
inflicted in Guilford, Davie, and Rowan counties in the same State, 
some fields being almost totally destroyed. Parasites were present, 
though not in sufficient numbers to hold Toxoptera in check. 
The senior author went directly from Sumter, S. C, to Winston- 
Salem, N. C, reaching the latter place April 19, where he was met by 
Mr. Sherman, and they went over the ground together. A number 
of fields were examined, ranging from slightly infested to totally 
destroyed. In some fields of wheat, where there had been quantities 
of volunteer oats, the infestation was more severe. Parasites were 
present in great abundance in some fields, but they did not appear to 
have checked the pest in time to save all of the fields. 
The senior author thus summarizes this outbreak: 
From a study of the entire neighborhood it seems quite evident that the outbreak 
of Toxoptera in the vicinity of Winston-Salem was primarily due to the presence of 
