24 
extreme difficulty in separating its young and its wingless adults 
from those of other species, it would seem that more or less damage 
to the oats crop might be with justice accredited to Toxoptera in 
Butler, Miami, and Clermont counties in extreme southern Ohio. 
THE OUTBREAK OF 1901. 
(Fig. 5, p. 20; Diagram III, p. 25.) 
The outbreak of 1901 was less extensive than that of 1890. Little 
damage was reported south of Waco, Tex., but from this point 
northward wheat was more or less injured^ and oats were destroyed 
to the northward into what was at that time Oklahoma and Indian 
Territories. The farthest point to northeast at which damage was 
reported, with specimens of the depredator, was Saratoga, in extreme 
southwestern Missouri. The specimens accompanying correspond- 
ence from Texas and Oklahoma gave ample proof of the identity 
of the destroyer, which in Texas alone ruined grain to the extent 
of several million dollars. In central Texas the ravages of the pest 
began to attract attention early in March, while the report from 
Missouri came under date of April 30. It will be noticed that the 
direction taken by this invasion followed very closely that of 1890 
(see fig. 5), beginning, however, farther south in Texas, not extending 
so far to the northeast, and dying out, as it were, earlier in the 
season. These phenomena will be explained farther on under 
meteorological influences. 
THE OUTBREAK OF 1903. 
(Fig. 5, p. 20; Diagram IV, p. 26.) 
As foreshadowing the impending outbreak of 1903, as early as 
November 26, 1902, Mr. J. F. Ordman, writing from Windthorst, 
Tex., complained to this bureau of the ravages of the green louse, 
stating that it had destroyed several small areas in his wheat field 
and that it was reported generally prevalent in his neighborhood. 
This outbreak was, however, an incipient one and resulted in little 
injury, the seriously infested areas being confined to northern Texas, 
exclusive of the " Panhandle," with possibly the country in the 
then Oklahoma and Indian Territories bordering the Red River, 
and in South Carolina. While the outbreak was thus limited in 
area, the natural enemies of the pest in the West evidently fell far 
short of completely subjugating it. In March, 1904, Prof. E. D. 
Sanderson and Mr. E. C. Sanborn found it in Grayson County, Tex., 
sufficiently abundant to work serious injury in the fields of young 
wheat and oats, in some cases the destruction of the growing grain 
