20 
in the South, and low temperatures during spring months were 
carefully observed and set forth in a report published later. 1 
As early as the middle of January, 1890, it was reported by Mr. 
P. C. Xewkirk as killing the young wheat about Jalapa, Tenn., and 
on the 26th of the same month Mr. B. F. White, of Mebane, X. C, 
reported it as ruining both wheat and oats in his neighborhood. Mr. 
J. L. Fooks, writing on the same date from Era, Tex., stated that the 
insect had played sad havoc with the wheat in his neighborhood, 
while April 7 Mr. D. J. Eddleman, Denton, Tex., complained of the 
pest destroying the wheat. Writing in 1901 Mr. H. K. Jones, Valley 
View, Tex., stated that the insect appeared there about 10 years pre- 
Fig. 5.— Maps showing areas covered by outbreaks of the spring grain-aphis during the years 1890, 1901, 
1903, and 1907. (Original.) 
vious and killed about all the wheat in the county. From this and 
other correspondence, accompanied by specimens, it seems that 
wheat in Cooke, Grayson, Collins, Denton, and Wilbarger counties, 
Tex., was more or less damaged by this pest. 2 Xo reports are at hand 
showing injuries to wheat or oats in what was at that time Oklahoma 
and Indian Territories, for the reason that little of either of these 
grains was at that time grown. But we now know that grains were 
not essential to its presence in that country. 
In Missouri the situation was more acute and strongly indicates 
that the pest was present in southeastern Kansas and northern 
Arkansas. According to Mr. Monell's notes, the pest completely 
i Insect Life, vol. 4, pp.. 245-248, 1892; Bui. 22, Div. Ent., IT. S. Dept. Agr., pp. 64-70, 1890; Yearbook 
U.S. Dept. Agr. for 1907, pp. 239-241. 
J Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 75. 
