38 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
A record which would, if correct, refer to this brood was thus dis- 
posed of by Professor Riley, writing in 1868: 
The earliest known record we have of the appearance of periodical Cicadas is in 
Moreton's "Memoriall," in which it is stated that they appeared at Plymouth, Ply- 
mouth County, Mass., in the year 1633. Now, according to that date, one might be 
led to suppose that this recorded brood of Moreton's belonged to this Brood V, as 
exactly fourteen periods of seventeen years will have elapsed between 1633 and 1871 ; 
but, strange to say, we have no other records of his brood than that in the '•' Mem- 
oriall/' whereas there are abundant records of their appearing one year later in the 
same locality, ever since 1787. There is therefore good reason to believe that the 
visit recorded by Moreton was a premature one, and that it was properly due in 1634. 
I have therefore placed it in Brood VIII, and have little doubt but that if records 
could be found these would prove the Cicadas to have appeared iu 1651, 1668, 16»5, 
1702, 1719, 1736, 1753, and 1770, as they did in 1787, 1804, 1821, 1838, and 1855. 
The distribution, by States and counties, is as follows: 
Illinois. — All northern counties from Mercer southeast to Peoria, to Logan, Shelby, 
Edgar, including Lee, Dekalb, Dupage, Kane, McLean, Rock Island, etc. 
Indiana. — Lake, Laporte, Porter. 
Iowa. — Allamakee, Benton, Blackhawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Cedar, Chickasaw, 
Clayton, Clinton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Howard, Iowa, Jackson, Johnson, 
Jones, Linn, Louisa, Mitchell ( ?), Muscatine, Scott, Tama, Winneshiek ( ?). 
Michigan. — Berrien, Branch, Cass, Hillsdale, Oakland ( ?), St. Joseph, Wayne ( ?). 
Pennsylvania. — Lancaster. 
Wisconsin. — Crawford, Dane, Grant, Green, Iowa, Jefferson, Lafayette (?), Milwau- 
kee, Richland, Rock, Sauk, Walworth, Waukesha. 
Brood VIII. — Septendecim— 1906. (Fig. 11.) 
On authority of Mr. Schwarz, our knowledge of the extent of this 
brood up to 1889 is practically based upon Dr. Fitch's observations in 
1885 in the account of his third brood (Brood VI Walsh-Riley), since 
its reappearance in 1872 did not apparently attract any attention. 
Dr. Fitch confused this 17-year brood with the great tredecim Brood 
XVIII, which occurred with it in 1855, the year of his record, and the 
exact dividing line between the two broods is still opeu to question. 
In asking for reports on the occurrence of this brood in 1889 Riley 
and Howard gave its extent as follows : 
The region commences in southeastern Massachusetts, extends south across Long- 
Island and along the Atlantic coast of New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland as far 
as Chesapeake Bay; then up the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania to a point a 
little below Harrisburg; thence westward in Ohio, embracing the southwestern 
corner of the State and the northwestern portion of Kentucky, and then upward 
through southwestern Indiana, ending in central Illinois. It is possible also that 
there is an eastward extension of the region from Kentucky into southern West 
Virginia, as Cicadas occurred in 1855 in the Kanawha Valley, and also in the counties 
of Buncombe and McDowell, in North Carolina; but as these appearances were not 
verified in 1872, it is probable that they belonged to Brood XVIII, which is of the 
13-year race. 
The distribution of this brood, as given below, is based on the above 
with such additions and corrections as were gained from the records of 
1889, Prof. J. B. Smith adding some records from New Jersey, Dr. 
