TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT STAGES. 
87 
Fig. 37. — Second larval stage: a, anterior leg. 
outer face: l>. same, inner face (original). 
tip more sharply pointed. The hairy development for retaining the 
earth excavated in borrowing, so prominent in the later stages, is bur 
sparsely represented. The anterior tarsus is inserted considerably 
within the tip of the tibia projecting- beyond the latter, and is armed 
at its extremity with two, nearly equal, curved claws, similar to 
those on the middle and hind tarsi. The basal joint of the two jointed 
tarsi in all the feet is very minute and with difficulty detected, aud in 
fact becomes still more inconspicuous in later larval development. The 
auteume are seven-jointed, as in all the subsequent larval and pnpal 
stages (one of the characters distinguishing this species from other 
allied species, particularly C. pruinosa, which has an additional joint); 
but the presence of a very prominent antennal tubercle gives an 
appearance of eight joints, the number which I have hitherto assigned 
to it. The first true joint is robust 
and a little shorter than the second, 
the two following are subequal and 
shorter than the first, the fifth is 
shorter than the fourth, and the sixth 
and seventh are subequal and shorter 
than the fifth, the last tapering reg- 
ularly from the apex, which is armed 
with curved spines, one long and one 
short. The terminal three joints form something of a club tip. During 
this stage the larva increases in length to more than 3 mm. and the 
abdomen swells and becomes more robust. The length of the hard 
chitinous parts remain, however, unchanged, as follows: Anterior 
femora, ,li7 mm,; anterior tibiae, .30 mm.; hind tibia 1 , .33 mm. 
This stage lasts more than a year, the first molt usually occurring 
during the second year after hatching. (See fig. 36.) 
Second larval stage. — The average length of the larva in this stage is 
about 4 mm. The more horny parts now measure: Anterior femora, 
.50 mm.; anterior tibia. 1 , .55 mm.; hind tibia', .80 mm. The general 
appearance is unchanged from the later development in the preceding 
stage. The eye-spots are still present, though reduced. The under 
surface of the head is armed with some rather long hairs, and a very 
regular row of minute spines occurs on the anterior face of the hind 
and the middle femora. The prominent apical tibial spur of the mid- 
dle and the hind pair appear with this molt, being previously repre- 
sented, if at all, by a simple spine. The third joint of the now distinctly 
elbowed antennae is as long as the second, and the three terminal 
joints are rather more compressed into a club like tip than in the first 
stage. The chief characteristics of this second stage, however, are in 
the anterior legs (tig. 37). The femora now possesses a rudimentary 
comb of three teeth, the upper one being very broad and projecting 
beyond the three succeeding sharp ones, ol' which the lower is the 
larger. The central tooth of the femora, which was rather minute, or 
