116 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
The next step of real importance was the discovery of a 13-year 
southern brood by Dr. D. L. Phares, of Woodville, Miss., and the pub- 
lication of the fact iu 1815 in the Woodville Republican. 
Both before and after this time Dr. Phares was in communication 
with Dr. Gideon B. Smith, referred to above, whom he evidently ulti- 
mately convinced of the truth of the 13-year period for the southern 
broods. 
Dr. Smith continued for many years the work which he had begun 
as the colleague of Professor Potter, keeping his notes in the form of a 
rather voluminous manuscript, which was first prepared, he states, in 
1831, the date signed to Professor Potter's memoir. Dr. Smith twice 
entirely rewrote and revised his manuscript, the title page of the last 
copy reading as follows: 
The American Locust Cicada septendecim, et tredecim. Embracing the Natural 
history and habits of the insect in its perfect state and while under ground, with 
drawings of its several organs and the perfect insects, the egg and the young taken 
from life, with a register of the places and time of its appearance in every part of 
the United States, by Gideon B. Smith, M. D. Originally written in 1834, tran- 
scribed with additions 1851, and rewritten with additions and illustrations in Feb- 
ruary 1857, in the 64th year of my age. — G. B. S. 
This manuscript is substantially the paper by Professor Potter 
revised, with much interesting matter added and particularly a regis- 
ter of some twenty-one broods in many colonies, in which are separated 
the two tribes, one of seventeen years, represented by fourteen broods, 
and the other thirteen years, represented by seven broods. Dr. Smith's 
classification of the broods under these two tribes undoubtedly resulted 
from his correspondence with Dr. Phares and perhaps other observers 
residing in the South. Most unfortunately, Dr. Smith failed to publish 
this very interesting manuscript and, therefore, never received due 
credit for the valuable work which he accomplished. 
Townend Glover used this manuscript to some extent in his article 
on the Cicada in the Eeport of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for 
1867 (1868), referring to Dr. Smith as having devoted much time to 
studying the habits of the Cicada, and as the best authority on the 
subject in the Middle States, and particularly as holding that there are 
two tribes "differing only from each other in the period of their lives, 
the northern being 17 years, and the other, or southern tribe, requiring 
only 13 years in which they perform their transformations." The use 
of Dr. Smith's manuscript afterwards by Professor Riley, as will be 
subsequently noted, was not of such character as to bring into promi 
nence the real value of Dr. Smith's contribution to science. The only 
published record made by Dr. Smith known to me is his Scientific 
American note of March 22, 1851, which was afterwards communicated 
by Mr. Spence to the London Entomological Society. 1 In this note 
Dr. Smith briefly reviews and sums up the results of his seventeen 
Proc. Ent. Soc. Loud. April 7, 1851, Vol. I, pp. 80, 81. 
