118 THE PERIODICAL CICADA. 
The recurrence in 1885 of the great Brood XXII of the 17-year race, 
in conjunction with the very important 13-year Brood VII, gave again 
a great stimulus to the study of this insect. Professor Eiley published 
in June, 1885, as Bulletin Xo. 8 of the Division of Entomology, an 
account of both races with a very full chronology of all the known 
broods. This data was repeated in part, with important additions, in 
the Eeport of the Department for that year, published in 1886. He 
also published a number of popular articles, covering special phases or 
the general subject. Other general articles were published by Dr. 
Lintner and many others. The output of literature on the periodical 
Cicada since 1885, if one takes the daily press notices and articles into 
account, has been enormous and particularly in the special Cicada 
years. This has resulted from the fact that the dates for the appear- 
ances of all the broods being now well understood, the recurrences 
have been foretold and looked forward to, thus vastly increasing the 
popular interest. The new information gained has related chiefly to 
facts of distribution. Some interesting data have been given, however, 
on the subject of the peculiar huts or turrets, which are sometimes con- 
structed by the emerging pupae, and some anatomical studies have been 
made. 
For a description of these and other papers the reader is referred to 
the bibliography of the writings on the periodical Cicada which is 
appended. The important papers from the earliest times to the present 
are listed, omitting much of the ephemeral and less valuable matter 
which added little or nothing to the knowledge of the habits and dis- 
tribution of the species 
