APPENDIX B. 
BREEDING EXPERIMENTS ON THE GROUNDS OF THE DEPART- 
MENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
SEVENTEEN-YEAE BROOD XXII. 1885. 
A quantity of twigs containing eggs about to hatch were collected 
by Mr. Theodore Pergande in Virginia, near the District of Columbia, 
Juh" 26, 1885. The young began to appear July 28. and the twigs 
were immediately distributed under four linden trees and three oak 
trees on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture. The sue 
of this experiment was considerably interfered with by the fact that 
many of the eggs and young larvae were destroyed by ants or eaten by 
birds and comparatively few were afterwards found in the soil. 
The iirst examination of the soil was made by Mr. Pergande April 
23, 1887, digging under various trees to the depth of 6 to 12 inches and 
covering a surface of about a yard square. Hut one larva was found, 
and that was taken at a depth of about 6 inches. 
The second examination was made October 31, 1888. The dig- 
continued for two or three days and resulted in the unearthing of four 
larvae at a depth of about 18 inches in dry. hard soil. These were all 
found under the linden trees: under the oak trees no larvae were found. 
On November 1. 1888, the soil under one of the linden trees which 
had not previously been disturbed was worked over and some sixteen 
larvae were taken, mostly referable to the periodical Cicada, at a depth 
of from 10 to 12 inches in rather rich soil. Below tins 'depth the soil 
changed to sandy. 
On November 1 1, 1S88, four additional larvae were taken from the 
same Location as the last. 
On October 12, 1893, the writer made extensive excavations ran 
from a depth of 18 inches to 1* feet under the linden trees mentioned, 
with the result of securing three half grown larvae. One of these was 
found about l.\ inches below the surface and the other two were at a 
depth of ( .> inches. These were all found under one tree, while the 
extensive diggings under the other three trees yielded nothing except 
some pupae of the common annual species Cicada pruinos 
The adults should appear from this planting in 1902 if any of the 
material survives. The results of the last investigation, however, are 
uoi such as to give much hope of such an outcome. 
