40 
Overflowing rice fields; late planting of ivheat and rye. — Injury to 
lowland rice, as pointed out by Dr. Riley, is not apt to be severe, 
owing to the ability of rice growers to overflow their fields almost at 
will, while, if necessary, the negro hands employed in these fields can 
be sent through the fields to brush the "worms" from the plants into 
the water. 
During the outbreak of 1881 in Kansas it was learned that the ray- 
ages of this insect could be prevented by postponing the planting of 
wheat and rye until between September 20 and October 20. This 
limit for planting, however, will be different in other climates, and 
will vary slightly with the weather encountered at this time of year. 
OTHER MEASURES. 
Preventive measures. — While the fall army worm has usually been 
observed to do its greatest injury in the autumn, the season of 1899 
was quite an exception, as many instances of injury were noted in 
midsummer, and some even as early as June. This is one of the spe- 
cies of which "to be forewarned is to be forearmed;" hence, if care- 
ful watch is kept for the earliest appearing generations and remedial 
and preventive measures are at once employed, the injury which fol- 
lows from later generations can be very largely diminished. The 
presence of many forms of cutworms on lawns can be detected by lay- 
ing down sheets of cloth or boards at night and examining them in the 
morning, when these larva?, if present, will be found adhering to the 
sheets or boards. This method of detection should be tried with the 
species under discussion. 
Poisoned oaits. — Where the caterpillars are found to be breeding 
in the ordinary numbers of cutworms in vegetable gardens, they may 
be destroyed by the use of poisoned baits and by other methods used 
in combating cutworms. 
A consideration of these baits and other cutworm remedies is given 
in the concluding paragraphs of this bulletin. 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST. 
In the list which follows the writer has endeavored to present 
mainly references to such publications as have bearing upon the his- 
tory, habits, and injuries of La-phygma frugiperda. Daily newspaper 
accounts and other publications cited in other lists, and which add 
nothing of apparent value to a knowledge of the species, are omitted. 
The list is chronological: 
1. Smith, J. E., and Abbot, John. — Natural History of the Lepidop- 
terous Insects of Georgia, Yol. II, pp. 191, 192, PI. 96. 1797. 
Original description as Phalsena frugiperda, with brief mention of habit of 
feeding on Guinea corn, and suggestions as to remedies. Colored plate of 
larva, pupa, -and two forms o'f moth. 
