37 
larva (4th Report U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 107). This chalcidid is shown 
in figure 8. 
Only one bird other than the English sparrow appears to have been 
observed attacking this insect. On this head Ionian (6) said: "There 
appears to be no bird but the blue jay that will eat it." 
The foregoing is a short list of known natural enemies of 
so common an insect. Future observa- 
tions will doubtless show that there are 
many others such as we know attack the 
common army worm, among which are 
various predaceous ground beetles and 
mites. 
Years of experience with the common 
army worm show the great efficiency of 
natural enemies in keeping down its num- 
bers, serious outbreaks seldom occurring 
two 3^ears in succession. 1 The season of 
1899, as previously noted, has shown that 
we can as yet place very little dependence on insect enemies against 
the fall army worm. 
REMEDIAL MEASURES. 
Fio.J7. — Calosoma calidum. a larva; 
b beetle. Natural size (from Ri- 
ley). 
The fall army worm in its manner of life so nearly resembles, in 
many respects, the common army worm that, when it assumes the 
habit of traveling in armies, its ravages may be counteracted by a 
similar line of treatment. The remedies in vogue against the latter 
were discussed in the Annual Report of 
this Department for 1879 (pp. 189, 190), 
and in Circular No. 1, second series, of 
uhis Division (pp. 3, 1). As with the 
common army worm also, unfortunately, 
injury by this species is seldom detected 
until too late for the successful applica- 
tion of remedial or preventive measures. 
Fig. 8.—Euplectr;us comstockii, much 
enlarged (reengraved after Corn- 
stock). 
THE USK OF INNE< TKTDKS. 
In the case of large armies in extensive 
fields, plantations, or gardens, poisons 
are of little value at the time when outbreaks are at their height. 
When the armies are first noticed the larvae or "worms' 1 are as a 
rule approaching maturity, they have effected much damage, and it 
is difficult at this stage to check them or prevent them from passing 
from one field, garden, or other tract to another. 
1 A few instances of such recurrence of attack are on record of the present species, 
e. g., that of the years 1896 and 1897 in Florida. 
