29 
species, with the statement that it had appeared suddenly Li the corn- 
fields of that neighborhood and had eaten the grass clean; corn had 
not been injured to any extent, and at the date of writing- the larvae 
had disappeared. September 11 and 12 Mr. Orris A. Browne, Cape 
Charles, Va., wrote of injury to Scotch kale, stating that the insects, 
specimens of which he sent, and which included both this species and 
the common army worm, had gone over 20 acres of his crop. 
The adult of this species issued during the third week of October 
from larvae received from Mr. P. H. Dorsett on greenhouse violets at 
Garrett Park, Md., September 20 and 29, 1898. 
REVIEW OF REPORTED OUTBREAKS. 
Although in many years outbreaks were noted only in a single State, 
there is reason for believing that, in the earlier years particularly, 
injury was much more extensive than reported. A review of recorded 
outbreaks and those reported to this Division show injury in 1845 in 
Florida; in 1854 in Georgia; in 1866 in Kansas; in 1868 in Missouri; 
in 1870 in Missouri, Kansas, and Illinois; in 1872 a second irruption 
in Georgia; in 1873 a second outbreak in Illinois; in 1874 an irruption 
attributed to this species in South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama; in 
1881 a third outbreak in Georgia, and a more extensive one in South 
Carolina, from which we may conclude that Florida was probably also 
invaded at the same time. In 1883 still another invasion of Georgia 
was reported, and in 1884 we have record of the first known outbreak of 
any extent. The insect was noted that j^ear in Michigan, Illinois, Kan- 
sas, Indiana, and Mississippi. The following year it made its appear- 
ance in destructive numbers in Kansas, and its occurrence was noted 
also in Indiana. In 1892 injury was noticed in Louisiana, and the fol- 
lowing }^ear in Texas. In 1896 an irruption occurred in Florida, and 
the following year again in that State, as also in Georgia, South Caro- 
lina, and Florida, injuries being particularly severe in the last men- 
tioned State; but there is reason for believing that the outbreak was 
more extensive than reported, since small armies were noticed that 
year by the writer in the vicinity of the District of Columbia, indica- 
ting the probability of injurious occurrences between here and the 
Southern States. 
The outbreak of 1899, as may readily be gathered by the perusal of 
the preceding paragraphs, was of greater severity than ever before 
noticed, and, judging by reports, perhaps as extensive as all other 
known injurious occurrences of earlier years combined. To briefly 
summarize the occurrences of the year 1899, it will be seen that irrup- 
tions were noted in the East and North from western New York west- 
ward to Indiana, and northern Illinois southward to Florida and 
Georgia and probably the remainder of the cotton States, westward 
again to Kansas and Nebraska. Complaints also reached us from Cuba. 
