19 
the Transition zone in course of time, although it will probably not 
be injurious much north of the Upper Austral for many years to 
come. 
NAMES OF THE INSECT. 
Few native species of insects have had applied to them a greater variety 
of common names. Beginning with the first name proposed by Smith 
and Abbot of corn-bud-worm moth, we have grass worm and grass cater- 
pillar applied in the fifties, and in later times wheat cutworm, army 
cutworm, grass worm, southern grass worm, army worm, fall army 
worm, Daggy's corn worm, and grass army worm. To this list was 
added during 1899 by Nebraskans "alfalfa worm," and byFloridans 
"buck worm." 
The scientific nomenclature includes: Phalwna frugiperda S. and 
A., Trigonophora frugiperda (Geyer), Laphygma (misspelled La- 
phrygma) frugiperda (Guenee), Laphygrna signifera Walk., Prodenia 
autumnalis Riley, and Laphygma macra Gn. (misspelled machra by 
Glover). 
REPORTED OUTBREAKS IN 1899. 
In addition to the outbreaks which will be here recorded it should 
be said that the list of localities, although considerable, by no means 
shows the extent of the ravages of this pest. Many correspondents 
reported "the army worm" in their vicinity, and many requests were 
received for circulars of information concerning the army worm 
where there was little doubt that the fall army worm was the species 
concerned. 1 No specimens of the insect were received from many 
such correspondents; hence the list of localities, which would consider- 
ably augment that which will be presently given, must necessarily, for 
scientific accuracy, be omitted. 
The first reported instance of injury during the season of 1899 was 
from Mr. M. Cronly, who wrote, June 19, of damage to the rice crop 
in the vicinity of Wilmington, N. C. Specimens accompanied this 
letter, as also all other reports which will be here cited. 
July 6 Mr. W. T. Hopkins wrote that this species was present in 
large numbers at Cherry, N. C, doing much damage to corn, rice, 
localities, but had flown there from farther south. We know this to be the case with 
the cotton worm, which is sometimes to be found in great numbers in New York, 
and even in Canada, while there is no reason for believing that it breeds farther 
north than the northern border of the cotton belt; in fact it is almost certain that it 
does not breed north of there. It is possible, also, that the fall army worm dies out 
every year or two in the coldest localities in which it breeds, owing to the rigors of 
winter weather, but is restocked in after years. 
1 Leucania unipuncta was received with reports of injury during the year 1899 only 
from single localities in each of four States, Kentucky, South Carolina, Louisiana, 
and Virginia. 
