THE IMPORTED ELM LEAF-BEETLE. 17 
was used to force the poison from a bucket carried by hand. The Paris- 
green mixture needs to be almost constantly stirred, as this poison pre- 
cipitates quickly; but with London purple the agitation is only < 
sionally necessary. 
Connected with either pump is a long, flexible pipe, with its distal 
part stiff, and serving as a long handle whereby to hold its terminal 
nozzle beneath the branches or very high up at a comfortable distance 
from the person managing it. Parts of one form of this extension pipe 
are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 
To the pump-spout is attached the long, 2-ply, flexible hose, h Ji, of 
J-inch caliber. Its considerable length, 12 feet or more, allows the 
nozzle to be carried about the tree without moving the pump. Beyond 
its flexile part the hose, h, passes through a bamboo pole, &, from which 
the septa have been burned out by a hot iron rod. At the distal end of 
the pole the hose terminates in a nozzle, n or m. When the nozzle is in 
its natural position, w, the spray, z, is thrown straight ahead, and this 
suits well for spraying very high branches; but for spraying the under 
surfaces of the lower parts of the tree it is necessary that the nozzle 
discharge laterally from the pipe, and this is accomplished with a noz- 
zle having a direct discharge by bending it to one side. The nozzle. «, 
and spray, s, are directed laterally, and the nozzle, », is maintained in 
this position by a metallic hook or eye, r, having a crooked stem inserted 
at the side of the hose in the end of the pole. Where the side spray is 
permanently desired, the metallic stem is inserted inside the hose and 
connected with the base of the nozzle, or the tubular stem of the nozzle 
is given the desired crook. For small trees the simpler exteusion-pipe 
shown in Fig. 2 is satisfactory. The metallic tube t, several feet in 
length, is used as the stiff part, f, connected with the hose, h. One longer 
metallic pipe, having telescopic sections made tight by outside seg- 
ments of rubber tubing, has also been employed, and is a very desirable 
extension-pipe. Where only low end-spraying is to be done, as upon 
small trees, &c, the eddy-chamber nozzle is set upon such a pipe, or 
upon its own stem, so as to discharge at right angles therefrom ; but a 
diagonal position of the chamber, n, on its stem, t, throws the spray, s, 
at an intermediate angle between the right angle and a direct line, by 
which, without any readjustment, the spray, s, can be directed high or 
lower, beneath the foliage or above. For general use this kind of noz- 
zle is the best. With ordinary force-pump pressure the discharge-hole 
of the nozzle is about one-sixteeith of an inch in diameter for misty sprays 
with particles invisibly small. Bather than use the larger, coarser 
sprays, which were usually employed in these tests, it IS better to use 
the finest spray. The spray falling upon the extension-pipe soon accu- 
mulates enough to flow down the pole and wet the hands. To prevent 
this a wrapping washer of leather or other flange may surround the pole 
proximally from the spray, and the drip will drop off from its margin. 
Such an arrangement is indicated atj in Plate I, Fig, 1. 
145G5 Bull. 2 
