22 
not quite, its entire length. In breeding cages they sometimes pupate 
on the surface, either naked or by loosely webbing together some 
earth, making a frail cell. Sometimes the larvae burrow straight down 
and pupate at the end of the burrow without forming any inclined 
cell. In one instance the worm simply remained in the .ear upon which 
it had been feeding, formed a cell, and pupated. 
During the summer months, at moderate temperatures, it seems to 
make little difference in the length of the pupal state whether the pupae 
are on the surface, kept perfectly dry, or continuously moistened. Xos. 
4, 10, 13, and 14 in Table XII were placed in perfectly dry earth to 
pupate, and kept dry up to date of hatching. The time was 9, 11, 11, 
and 9 days, respectively, or an average of 10 days. Xos. 2, 3, 5, 
8, 9, and 11 of Table XII were placed in moist earth and moistened 
each day during the pupal state. Time was 9, 9, 10, 11, 9, and 10 
days, respectively, an average of 9.G days. Xo. 12 was placed upon 
a corn plant in a 6-inch flower pot, half full of moss, kept saturated with 
water so that when lifted it would drip. This was not intended for the 
worm to pupate in, but simply to keep fresh the plant upon which it 
was feeding. Unawares the worm went down into the wet moss to a 
depth of 2 inches, formed a cell, and pupated. The pupa was left in this 
cell, and the moss kept constantly wet to excess. Xine days afterward 
the moth issued. During the entire time the cell had not been broken 
into, and the pupa may not have been subjected directly to the ex- 
cessive moisture. These facts are given for what they are worth, as 
bearing upon the claims made by some that either excessive rain or 
drought retards the development of the insect. Those kept perfectly 
dry were exposed to an average daily temperature of at least 95° F. 
Those kept constantly moist had about the same temperature. The 
results showed that practically no difference in the length of the pupal 
state existed. This, it must be remembered, applies only to the spring 
and summer months with high temperature. During the fall and win- 
ter, when decided changes in both moisture and temperature take 
place, simultaneously, their development is certainly retarded. 
The moth varies in color from a distinct olivaceous to a brownish hue. 
Some claim that a relation exists between these types of color in the 
imago and the colors of the larvae. The records presented in Table XII 
bear directly upon this point. Xos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 14, were green 
larvae, and the color of the moths was dark, dark, dark, olivaceous, 
dark, dark, and olivaceous, respectively. Thus both types of color in 
the moth occur for the same color of the larvae. It must be noted, how- 
ever, that some of the pupae named were kept perfectly dry, others wet 
or moistened continuously. On this point for those kept dry may be 
quoted Xo. 4, which is dark, and Xo. 14, which is olivaceous. For those 
kept moist, Xo. 3 is olivaceous and Xo. 5 is dark, both of which, also, 
