SUMMARY OF REMEDIAL AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. fi3 
ent purpose. In the timothy meadows of the northeastern portion of 
the country, where, for lack of wings fitted for locomotion, the chinch 
bug does not so largely migrate to the waste lands in autumn, the 
problem is somewhat different, and it will require some careful experi- 
ments to determine the exact effects of burning over the meadow lands 
in winter, both on the hibernating chinch bugs and on the grass roots. 
There can be little doubt, however, that a rapid rotation of crops, so as 
not to allow the short-winged form to become thoroughly established 
in a meadow, and burning over the waste places and such rubbish and 
debris as will serve to offer hibernating places for the long- winged form, 
will go far toward settling the chinch bug problem in grass lands. 
As previously stated, the chief difficulty in putting preventive meas- 
ures in force is in the difficulty of foretelling an invasion. In north- 
eastern Ohio in 1897 hundreds of acres of timothy meadow were 
destroyed after the hay crop had been removed, but so late that the 
farmers did not suspect the true condition of their meadows until the 
spring of 1898, when the young grass failed to put forth and an exam- 
ination revealed the fact that the roots had been killed, the abundance 
of chinch bugs pointing unerringly to the cause of the trouble, though 
in many cases a heavy crop of hay had been removed the previous year 
where now the ground was entirely bare. While in the case just cited 
a previous knowledge of the presence of chinch bugs in these meadows 
might not have enabled the owners to have saved them in the fall of 
1897, yet the fall plowing of the land, possibly early enough to have 
sown the ground to fall wheat, would have buried the majority of the 
bugs so deeply in the soil as to have killed vast numbers of them and 
thus prevented their migrating to other lands in the spring of 1898.* 
A rotation of crop that would have included grass for not to exceed 
two successive years, followed by wheat, would have amounted to 
precisely the same remedial measure as the one suggested. 
SUMMARY OF REMEDIAL AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 
In summing up the matter of remedial and preventive measures 
for the control of the chinch bug, it may be stated that the insects may 
be destroyed in their places of hibernation by the use of fire. They 
can, under favorable meteorological conditions, be destroyed in the 
* A case in northeastern Ohio has come to my notice where an infested timothy 
meadow was plowed late in the fall of 1897. Late in April of 18!>S this ground was 
cultivated, rolled, and harrowed several times, and most carefully and completely 
prepared for corn, which was planted, but with the result that a portion of the field 
\\;is attacked and destroyed by chinch bugs, largely of the braohypterous form. An 
examination about June 10 revealed the bugs in considerable numbers about the 
still remaining plants, but scattered over the field were more or less numerous 
clumps of timothy, in some cases apparently having been killed by the chinch hugs. 
while in others these were literally swarming about the dying but still green clumps 
of grass, thus showing that the former had either not been buried by the plowing 
and cultivation of the ground, or else the grass had not been thoroughly covered, 
and thus ladders had been Left whereh\ the\ were enabled to climb to the surface. 
