NUMBER OF ANNUAL GENERATIONS. 25 
can find no absolute proof of the existence of a second brood in New 
York.* The occurrence of a second brood of young in northern Illinois, 
as indicated by Dr. Fitch, has always been considered as settled, and 
in a more northern latitude than northeastern Ohio, so that there must 
be some other influences besides latitude to account for the phenomenon. 
That the species has occupied this territory for many years is indicated 
by the observations of Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, X. Y., who 
wrote me that the insect was as abundant twenty-three years ago as 
at the present time, so that whatever effect on the insect the recent 
occupation of the country might have had that effect has passed away, 
and a condition of what we might call equilibrium now exists here. 
On July 7, 1889, in the extreme northern part of Indiana, the writer 
found an abundance of young which had not yet molted for the first 
time. Dr. A. S. Packard records adults as pairing at Salem, Mass., 
June 17, 1871, as quoted by Dr. Lintner, while the latter gentleman 
records the young as occurring in Lawrence County, New York, about 
July 5, 1883.t 
Hardly has the latest hatched young of the first brood developed to 
the adult before the young of the second brood begin to appear. In 
southern Ohio this is about the first week in August. Generally these 
young do little injury, because the wheat has long since been harvested 
and the corn is usually too far advanced and tough to offer a desirable 
source of food supply, except in cases where fields have been planted 
very late, and here the writer has known them to work considerable 
injury, especially in seasons of severe drought that prevented the rapid 
growth of the plants. Fall attacks of wheat are rare, and the injury is 
never of a serious nature, as it is usually the case that by the time the 
young wheat is large enough to invite attack the chinch bugs are 
searching for winter quarters. 
In the timothy meadows of northeastern Ohio, however, the principal 
injury is done during August and September, and in favorable weather 
on into October. Now if we allow sixty days for development from the 
egg, it would be September before the appearance of the adults of the 
brood to which these various young belonged. If all eggs were depos- 
ited immediately, it would be November before the adults of the second 
brood would begin to occur, a condition of affairs that lias never been 
observed. As previously shown in this bulletin, the first brood is fally 
developed in northeastern Ohio by the first of September, but there 
certainly is no indication that a secoud brood of young is developed 
during September and October. It would seem then that from eastern 
Ohio through New York, New England, and probably to Nova Scotia, 
the adults from the first brood of larva 1 winter over, and that there is 
here but one annual brood. 
* Second Report of the State entomologist, pp. L48-164, vx 
t Loo. cit., pp. 158, L59, 104. 
