8 LOSS THROUGH INSECTS THAT CARRY DISEASE. 
MOSQUITOES. 
Entirely aside from the loss occasioned by mosquitoes as carriers 
of specific diseases, their abundance brings about a great monetary 
Loss in other ways. 
Possibly the greatest of these losses is in the reduced value of real 
estate in mosquito-infested regions, since these insects lender abso- 
lutely uninhabitable large areas of land available for suburban homes, 
for summer resorts, for manufacturing purposes, and for agricultural 
pursuits. The money loss becomes most apparent in the vicinity of 
large centers of population. The mosquito-breeding areas in the 
vicinity of New York City, for example, have prevented the growth 
of paying industries of various kinds and have hindered the proper 
development of large regions to an amount which it is difficult to 
estimate in dollars and cents and which is almost inconceivable. The 
same may be said for other large cities near the seacoast. and even 
of those inland in low-lying regions. The development of the whole 
State of New Jersey lias been held back by the mosquito plague. 
Agricultural regions have suffered from this cause. In portions of 
the Northwestern States it has been necessan T to cover the work horses 
in the field with sheets during the day. In the Gulf region of Texas 
at times the market value of live stock is greatly reduced by the 
abundance of these insects. In portions of southern Xew Jersey there 
are lands eminently adapted to the dairying industry, and the markets 
of New York, Philadelphia, and the large New Jersey cities are at 
hand. In these localities herds of cattle have been repeatedly estab- 
lished, but the attacks by swarms of mosquitoes have reduced tin 1 yield 
of milk to such an extent as to make the animals unprofitable, and 
dairying has been abandoned for less remunerative occupations. The 
condition of the thoroughbred race horses at the great racing center. 
Sheepshead Bay, Long Island, was so impaired by the attacks of 
mosquitoes as to induce those interested to spend many thousand- of 
dollars a few years ago in an effort to abate the pest. 
All over the United States, for these insects, and for the house fly 
as well, it has become necessary at great expense to screen habitations. 
The cost of screening alone must surely exceed ten millions of dol- 
lars per annum. 
MALARIA. 
The west coast of Africa, portions of India, and many other tropi- 
cal regions have always, at least down to the present period, been 
practically uninhabitable by civilized man. owing to the presence 
of pernicious malaria. The industrial and agricultural development 
of Italy has been hindered to an incalculable degree by the prevalence 
of malaria in the southern half of the Italian peninsula, as well as in 
