l.\>i ( I in BMIES OF CI nils i RUITS. 
11 
generally so destructive as to require extended efforts for their 
control are the purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii Newm.), the red 
scale ( ChrysompTialus aurantii Mask.), and the Mack Bcale {Saisseiia 
olese Bern.). The yellow scale {Chry8(ymphalus citrinus Coq.), con- 
sidered a variety of the red scale, is much Less destructive generally, 
though sufficiently troublesome in some Localities to be considered a 
pest of primary importance. Other scale-insects attacking citrus 
trees, which are so perfectly held in control by their natural enemies 
and other causes as seldom to become very destructive, are the soft 
brown scale ( Coccus Kesperidum \..\ the hemispherical scale (Saissetia 
h mispha. rica Targ.), the oleander scale {Aspidiotus hederse Val.), 
Fig. 2.— Leaves and branch of orange infested with purple scale (Lcpidosaphes beckii). (Original.) 
and the cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Mask.). Mealy bugs 
(Pseudococcus spp.) are quite generally prevalent. 
The most important pests other than scale-insects are to be found 
among the mites, of which the rust mite of the orange or silver mite 
of the lemon (Phyllocoptes oleivorus Ashm.) and the citrus red spider 
{Tetranychus mytilaspidis Riley) an 4 highly injurious. The orange 
aphis (Aphis gossypii Glov.) becomes very numerous during some 
seasons but is soon attacked by its natural enemies and held in con- 
trol. A species of thrips worked quite extensively in some localities 
on ripe oranges during the first months of 1908, removing the coloring 
matter from beneath the epidermis, thus giving to the fruit a spotted 
appearance which lowered its market grade. 
The purple scale (figs. 2 and 3) appears to prefer the more moisl 
dons in the vicinitv of the ocean. It is found in Santa Barbara 
