58 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 
Banks has as yet been found only in Virginia, West Virginia (Hop- 
kins), Maryland, North Carolina, and Illinois (Snyder). Leucotermes 
lucifugus Rossi occurs in the United States and "is found in 
Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and southern California, and perhaps else- 
where." a The species lucifugus of Mediterranean Europe, according 
to E. A. Schwarz, 6 is probably native to America (Mexico). Accord- 
ing to Dr. Knower, flavipes has been introduced into Japan and is 
firmly established. This species has also been introduced into Europe 
and has been destructive in the vicinity of Vienna. 
This true queen, found by Hubbard, is slightly over 13 millimeters 
in length, has the abdominal tergites and sternites more projecting, 
and has not as greatly distended an abdomen as the true queen found 
in Virginia ; that is, the chitinized parts are less fused than in the older 
queen. (PL XIII, b.) 
The note in Hubbard's field diary recording the discovery of the 
first fertilized true queen reads as follows: 
June 20th, 1898, Santa Rita Mountains, Madera Canon (Southern Arizona). We 
ascended a ravine filled with majestic sycamore trees under which the ground was wet 
with numerous springs, but entirely tramped by cattle and devoid of smaller vegeta- 
tion. * * * I found under a stone in a little dry mound in a wet springy spot 
on the mountain side, a colony of true Termes, among which, in a cell cavity just 
beneath the stone was a single matured gravid female, or queen, which certainly had 
been winged; took eggs, larvae, workers, and soldiers with the queen. This is the 
first instance known of a true queen in the genus Termes. There were no supple- 
mentary or nymphal queens in this colony and no male was found. I explored the 
entire colony, which was not a large one. 
Prof. Harold Heath, of Stanford University, CaL, has described the 
life cycle of Leucotermes lucifugus in California, which is very similar 
to that of our common species of the East. He figures a true "primary" 
queen, as only 8 months old, however, that has a markedly distended 
abdomen and the abdominal tergites separated — probably an error, 
due to transposed descriptions under the figures, according to obser- 
vations by Feytaud d and the writer. 
A true queen, with wing stubs (flavipes), found by the writer was 
in an abandoned burrow of Lymexylon sericeum Harr. (PI. XIII, b) 
in the decaying butt of a chestnut telegraph pole near Portsmouth, 
Va., on August 12, 1910. This queen was inactive, since the burrow 
was no wider than her abdomen, and apparently she was unattended. 
The abdomen was greatly distended and oblong in shape, the ab- 
dominal tergites and sternites being widely separated. In the bright 
sunlight the abdomen appeared to have a yellowish green tinge. 
The length of the queen was approximately 14 millimeters. The 
antennas were mutilated. 
a Howard, L. O. The Insect Book. p. 356. New York, 1901. 
b Loc. cit. See p. 39. 
c Heath, Harold. Loc. cit. 
<* Feytaud, J. Op. cit., p. 567, fig. 21. 
