68 IXSECTS INJURIOUS TO FORESTS. 
form, or even larvae, as young are kept in an undifferentiated state, 
which can be speedily turned into reproductive forms that serve as 
substitutes. Fritz Miiller compares the modes of diffusion and re- 
production to those of plants which continue the species by means of 
cleistogamic as well as perfect flowers, the neoteinic forms correspond- 
ing to the cleistogamic flowers which are supplementary, emergency 
forms for use in case the perfect flowers (or winged colonizing forms) 
should fail. The winged forms would furnish a possible, but not 
probable, escape from interbreeding, since, usually, males and females 
from the same colony pair. Neoteinic supplementary forms are pro- 
duced not only to counterbalance the loss of true royalty but also 
for the purpose of extending the colony. 
DATES OF THE SWARMING OF LETJCOTERMES. 
Colonizing individuals of Leucotermes flavipes usually swarm in 
the forenoon during the first part of April and May in the southern part 
of the eastern United States. Farther north the swarm occurs later, 
usually the last of May or early June. Hagen 6 mentions an excep- 
tionally large swarm which occurred in Massachusetts. The sexed 
adults normally emerge earlier in infested buildings. According to 
E. A. Schwarz, sexed adults swarmed from infested beams in the 
floor in the basement of the old United States National Museum on 
March 15, 1883, the second year after the opening of the museum. 
The following year they swarmed during the latter part of March. 
On April 16, 1910, sexed adults, possibly from the same colony, 
swarmed from crevices between the bricks in the sidewalk opposite 
the old National Museum. 
On March 30, 1908, sexed adults came up through cracks in the 
floor in a building at Philadelphia, Pa. 
Mr. Schwarz states, in an article entitled ''Termitidas Observed in 
Southwestern Texas in 1895" : c 
Terraes flavipes Kol. —Common throughout southwestern Texas and very destructive 
to woodwork in houses. An immense swarm of winged individuals [lucifugus?] 
issued from several houses at San Diego [Tex.], on October 25. I was informed that 
in early spring another flight takes place in buildings infested by termites [flavipes?]. 
"What appeai-s to be the same species is also common in sticks and branches lying on 
the ground in the chaparral, but I failed to get the winged form from such situations. 
a Miiller, Fritz. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Termiten. III. Die Nymphen mit 
kurzen Flugelscheiden (Hagen), "nymphes de la deuxieme forme" (Lespes). Em 
Sultan in seinem Harem. Jenaische Ztschr., Bd. 7, Heft 4, p. 451^63, figs. 3. Novem- 
ber 18, 1873. 
& Hagen, H. Some remarks upon white ants. Proc. Boston Soc. Xat. Hist., vol. 
20, p. 121-124, December 4, 1878. 
c Proc. Ent, Soc. Wash., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 38-42, November 5. 1S96. See p. 38. 
