LBAPHOPPERS OF THE SUGAB BEET. 51 
Agallia sanguinolenta Prov. is the mosl abundant species of the ge- 
nus in the western country and is found in all fields. Together with 
A. uhleri this species has been observed to do considerable damage in 
the Arkansas Valley, in Colorado, and around Lehi, in Utah. The 
nymphs appear early in Juno and mature in the last half of July and 
the first half of August, a few running on through the month. 
Agallia cinerea Osborn and Ball is found almost exclusively on the 
"shad scale" of desert regions, and from this adults often fly 
to near-by fields of beets. It was common at Grand Junction 
and Loma, Colo., and at Monroe, Utah. Under the hot desert condi- 
tions the nymphs appear in June and mature the last half of July, 
while on the beets they do not mature until some time later. 
Agallia bigelovice Baker occurs in abundance on a tall species of 
sea-blite (Dondia) growing on alkaline soil, and has been found in 
the beet fields at Grand Junction and Palisades. Colo. 
Agallia quadripunctata Prov. and .1. novella Say belong to the 
other group of the genus and pass the winter as partially grown 
nymphs, which change to adults in late May and June. The nymphs 
appear again in August and develop slowly until fall, when they 
hibernate. These two species and A. sanguinolertfa are discussed by 
Osborn and Ball (Iowa Experiment Station Report for 1897, p. 112), 
the nymphs and adults being figured and the life histories given. The 
dates given there are, however, too early for western conditions. 
This group thrives best in damp situations where rank vegetation 
abounds, and will not do any serious damage to beets unless planted 
alongside places of this character, from which the nymphs can mi- 
grate in early spring. By the time the adults are mature and ready 
to fly, the beets are well started and beyond their injury. 
Empoasca sp. — A large number of adults of a small green Em- 
poasea were found on sugar beets at Spreckels, Cal., in early Septem- 
ber by Prof. E. G. Titus and the writer. The beet crop was not 
seriously injured, but a number of beets were found in which there 
was a slight curling of the leaves resembling " curly-leaf." except that 
in this case the edges of the leaf turned down rather than up. and 
the surface of the leaf, instead of being roughened, was covered with 
small pale spots. This pale spotting of the leaves is quite charac- 
teristic of the injury of the Empoascas and their relatives and is com- 
monly seen on apple and rose leaves. The insects were all adult- at 
this time, so that it was impossible to be certain that they had bred 
on the beets, but from the appearance of the leaves it is probable that 
they had. The nymphs of nearly all of this group are slender, pale- 
greenish forms and are found mostly on the underside of the leaf, 
while the white spots caused by their punctures show more plainly on 
the upper surface. 
