THE SEMITROPICAL ARMY WORM. 63 
4 days, and in another case from July 18 to 22. or 4 days. In the 
first instance the temperature averaged between 70° and 80° F. and 
in the second from 80° to 88° F. Evidently this is the maximum 
period. 
As regards the duration of the entire life cycle, it was noticed that 
eggs deposited July 3 produced caterpillars on the 0th. or in 6 day-. 
These penetrated the earth, being full-grown, on the 2Gth. making the 
entire life period of the larva? 17 days. They began to issue as moths 
August 5. This gives a total period for the life cycle of 31 days for 
extremely hot weather. In an ordinary outdoor summer tempera- 
ture the period would be about 35 days, or 5 week-. 
Our rearing records are not quite as accurate as could be desired, 
owing to unfortunate conditions at the insectary and to three changes 
in the office force during the time when the insect was under observa- 
tion. There were, however, positively four generations here, and 
about the same number was observed at Orlando. There is also 
the possibility of an earlier fifth generation in nature. The exact 
periods for the appearance of these should be recorded in the field. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
The unusual abundance of this species at Orlando. Fla.. during the 
season of 1907 afforded a most excellent opportunity for the study 
of its insect natural enemies. These came under observation as early 
as May and were still abroad as late as August, appearing to increase 
somewhat as the season advanced. 
PARASITES. 
The parasitic species observed were seven in number; the pre- 
daceous enemies, six. 
Ophion t it i/r/ Pack. (?) — Issued July 17-August 1. 
Limnerium sp. — Issued May 25-30. 
Meteorus sp. — Issued July 11-August 2. 
Chelonus sp. — Issued July 6, 1908. 
Spilochalcis spp. — The Meteorus was attacked by two species of 
secondarv parasites of the family Chalcididae. These issued August 
2 from the peculiar brown cocoons of the Meteorus. 
Winthemia quadripustulata Fab., a moderate-sized tachina fly. i- 
a No a parasite on the larva of this species. Adults issued Augi 
but did not appear abundant. Of a lot of larvae taken at random 
from different portions of a field, upward of 50 per cent bore tachina- 
fly eggs. Evidently a large percentage fail to hatch. 1 
"A small fly was also observed feeding on the pupffi. It is AphiochaUl nitjri- 
cepa Loew, one of the Phoriche, which comprises species of scavenging habits 
and not parasitic. 
