THE HOP FLEA-BEETLE. 83 
beetle and that the eggs of the latter were so minute that the larval 
parasite required several of them to nourish and bring it to maturity, 
as observed of an egg-parasite of the Hessian fly. The parent, watch- 
ing her opportunity, deposits an egg internally in the ovarie- of the 
flea-beetle, or in the passage-way therefrom, and the parasite larva, 
taking up its residence there, consumes the eggs of the flea-beetle, 
one after another, as they develop, whereby none of them will be 
extruded until after the parasite has attained its growth. In con- 
clusion he writes, " Most singular and truly wonderful as such a 
provision of nature would be, it is the most probable conclusion I am 
able to arrive at from past observations." 
METHODS OF CONTROL. 
Correspondents who have inquired for a direct remedy for use against 
this species have been advised to experiment with all of the usual 
flea-beetle remedies. These are, in brief, arsenate of lead, arsenate of 
lead with resin-fishoil soap, Paris green with and without Bordeaux 
mixture, Scheele's green, arsenite of lime with soda, dry Paris green 
with air-slaked lime, Bordeaux mixture alone, and kerosene emulsion. 
According to Messrs. Eder, Quayle, and others, most of these remedies 
have been tested more or less completely without being found to be 
thoroughly effective, owing to the great numbers of the flea-beetles and 
the rapidity with which the tops of the hop vines grow. All remedies 
that have been employed have been directed against the beetles only. 
Unless the hop plants are sprayed nearly every day it is practically 
impossible to keep them covered with any poison so as to entirely pro- 
tect them from the ravages of the " fleas." Among other substances 
tested were tarred boards and sheets, as for leaf hoppers. On account 
of the employment of cheap labor, chiefly Hindu, mechanical and 
hand methods were found of some value. Snuff was found effective 
on a small scale and finely powdered tobacco, such as is now on the 
market as an insecticide, is to be tested. 
According to Messrs. Quayle, Eder, and others, the difficulties 
encountered in the economic treatment of this species are due to two 
causes: (1) The continual emergence or appearance of the beetles, 
rendering any method that has yet been employed, such as an arsen- 
ical or contact spray, or any mechanical means of capture, such as jar- 
ring, of only temporary value, and (2) the extremely rapid growth 
of the young hop vines, making frequently repeated applications of a 
spray or other direct remedy a necessity. 
AKSKMC U.S. 
Araenati of laid. Arsenate of lead, applied at the rate of about 1 
pound in from 20 to .'»() gallons of water, is advised for use against 
